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Patrick Sekoai

Potential of using Organic Fraction of Solid Municipal Waste (OFSMW) for biohydrogen production in South Africa. Patrick Sekoai. Energy Postgraduate Conference 2013. The need for alternative energy. Carbon emissions contributes to greenhouse effects.

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Patrick Sekoai

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  1. Potential of using Organic Fraction of Solid Municipal Waste (OFSMW) for biohydrogen production in South Africa Patrick Sekoai Energy Postgraduate Conference 2013

  2. The need for alternative energy • Carbon emissions contributes to greenhouse effects. • Currently, 85% of global energy is derived from fossil fuels & crude oil (Das, 2009). • The WHO, estimates that 160 000 people die each year from side effects of climate change (WHO, 2003).

  3. The need for alternative energy: depletion & prices • Oil has reached its “Peak” production. • This is due to high demands & overuse in global markets. • A heavy increase in fuels prices is evidence over the past decades.

  4. Transportation . Biomass Hydro Wind Solar Geothermal Nuclear Oil Distributed Generation Coal With Carbon Sequestration NaturalGas Hydrogen as a potential energy source • H2 is abundant, clean, efficient, can be derived from diverse domestic resources. HIGH EFFICIENCY & RELIABILITY

  5. Energy extracted from OFSMW for H2 production

  6. Production of OFSMW in South Africa • Data from DEA, shows that an estimated 7.88 millions tons of organic waste were generated in South Africa in 2011. • Only 35% was recycled. • The rest was burnt and disposed on landfills. • Poses environments & health risks.

  7. Composition of OFSMW • OFSMW consists of food waste, garden waste, paper, other various waste materials. • Its generated from household, agricultural & industrial sectors.

  8. Biohydrogen production processes from OFSMW Under different operational parameters

  9. Biohydrogen & Bioelectricity generation from OFSMW:Our laboratory findings • Semi-pilot process conducted in 10 L bioreactor (Labfors Infors). • Inoculum: 100 oC for 30 minutes. • At pH 7.9, 30.29 oC,60 h HRT, and 100 rpm. • The bioreactor was flushed with N2 gas for 10minutes. • H2, CH2 and CO2 measured with sensors (Bluesens, Germany).

  10. Biohydrogen & Bioelectricity generation from OFSMW:Laboratory findings Results: • Maximum H2 fraction of 46.72%. • H2 yield of 246.93 ml H2/g TVS. • Cumulative H2 volume of 3.12 L • No CH4 detected.

  11. Biohydrogen & Bioelectricity generation from OFSMW:Laboratory findings • The two-chambered MFC reactor was fabricated using glass material. • Electrodes made up of graphite rods (1475 mm2 cross section). • Projected surface area of 2187 mm2 • At pH 7, 30 oC. Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a MFC cell

  12. Biohydrogen & Bioelectricity generation from OFSMW:Laboratory findings Results: • A maximum electrical power density of 210 mW/m2 was recorded. • Current density 73.94 73.94 mA/m2 • COD removal efficiency of 50.12%.

  13. Conclusions 1. BioH2 scale-up studies using OFSMW coupled with MFC for optimum bioenergy extraction would shorten the timeline: • For a more environmentally friendly. • Sustainable biohydrogen economy development. 2. BioH2 from OFSMW will also assists to alleviate environmental hazards.

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