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Hana Horáková Metropolitan University Prague University of Pardubice Czech Republic

Glimpses into South African politics: Nelson Mandela´s forgiveness, Thabo Mbeki´s Africanism , Julius Malema´s militancy and racism. Hana Horáková Metropolitan University Prague University of Pardubice Czech Republic. The ANC’s project. the National Democratic Revolution (NDR):

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Hana Horáková Metropolitan University Prague University of Pardubice Czech Republic

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  1. Glimpses into South African politics: Nelson Mandela´s forgiveness, Thabo Mbeki´s Africanism, Julius Malema´s militancy and racism Hana Horáková Metropolitan University Prague University of Pardubice Czech Republic

  2. The ANC’s project the National Democratic Revolution (NDR): ‘The creation of a united, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic society.’

  3. Key questions What kind of SouthAfrica is emerging, some 18 years after „liberation“? How has South African politics changed, in terms of its key political actor – the ANC - since the first democratic elections of 1994? How can we conceptualize and explain the shift of the ANC´s behaviour from reconciliation via Africanism towards radicalism?

  4. Three key ideological influences 1) Christian liberal democrats 2)Africanists 3) communists

  5. 1) Christian liberal democrats • liberal democracy based on Christian values • leaders such as Albert Luthuli and Oliver Tambo, Nelson Mandela • an idea of a democratic society in terms of the Freedom Charter and the Constitution.

  6. 2) Africanists • promotion of a Black African-biased African nationalism • the ideals of pan-Africanism—an ‘Africa for Africans’ (dating back to the 1920s) • stressing African self-sufficiency and the pre-eminence of the racial struggle (Dubow 2000) • ThaboMbeki: the ANC’s Strategy and Tactics (2007) document: the ‘main content of the NDR is the liberation of Africans in particular and Blacks in general from political and economic bondage.’

  7. 3) Communists • non-racialism and socialist economic ideals (class solidarity) • SACP and COSATU • the principle:‘working class unity transcendsracial divisions’ (Lodge 1983; De Jager 2009)

  8. 1) Nelson MANDELA ‘Idealism’ Forgiveness Reconciliation Concern for democracy and human rights RDP – upliftmentofmasses NONRACIALISM IN POLITICS

  9. 2) Thabo MBEKI Africanism ´real´ SA Thetwo-nations thesis the imperative of a black bourgeoisie NONRACIALISM IN ECONOMY BlackEconomicEmpowerment (BEE) ‘Broad-Based Economic Empowerment Bill

  10. 3) JacobZuma Post-Polokwane ANC - a ´new ANC’ ? NativismandPopulism NativeClub(2006) New nationalism: anti-immigrationprotests

  11. Julius MALEMA Former ANCYouthLeaguepresident - enfant terrible expelledfromthe ANC (March2o12) ‘KilltheBoer’hatespeech radicalism, militancy, xenophobia championofthepoor „economicfreedom fighter": expropriation without compensation nationalisation for industrialisation

  12. Malemamaybegone butissuesstillremain

  13. Thankyou

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