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Kw , pH

Kw , pH. Kw: the ion-product constant of water. Q: will pure distilled water conduct electricity it will (slightly). If water conducts electricity, ions must exist Water exists as an equilibrium, which is referred to as the self-ionization of water:.

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Kw , pH

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  1. Kw, pH

  2. Kw: the ion-product constant of water Q: will pure distilled water conduct electricity it will (slightly). • If water conducts electricity, ions must exist • Water exists as an equilibrium, which is referred to as the self-ionization of water: H2O  H+(aq) or H3O+(aq) + OH–(aq) [H+] [OH–] [H+] [OH–] or Kw = Kc = [H2O] Note: H+ is just shorthand for H3O+

  3. Kw • What is the value of Kw? • It has been measured at 1.0 x 10–14 (25 °C) whenthe solution is [H+] > [OH–] acidic [H+] < [OH–] basic [H+] = [OH–] neutral • Pure water is neutral since [H+] and [OH–]

  4. Answers As temperature increases Kw increases. It must be that: H2O + heat  H+ + OH– (increase temp = shift right =  Kw) PE 1 Kw = [H+] [OH–] 1.0 x 10–14 = [H+] [7.8 x 10–6] [H+] =1.28 x 10–9 Thus, the solution is basic: [H+] < [OH–]

  5. pH • A quick method of denoting [H+] is via pH • pH = – log [H+] • The pH scale, similar to the Richter scale, describes a wide range of values • pH = 7 vs. [H+] = 1 x 10–7

  6. Calculations with pH Ans: 4.2 • what is pH if [H+] = 6.3 x 10–5? Enter 6.3 x 10–5 (‘6.3’, ‘exp’, ‘5’, ‘+/-’) Then hit ‘log’, followed by ‘+/-’ • What is [H+] if pH = 7.4? • To solve this we must rearrange our equation • [H+] = 10–pH mol/L • Enter ’10’, ‘xy’, ‘7.4’, ‘+/-’, ‘=‘ 3.98x10–8 M • pH + pOH = 14 • This is related to Kw = 1.0 x 10–14

  7. Equations and practice [H+] = 10–pH [OH–] = 10–pOH pH = –log [H+] pOH = –log [OH–] pH + pOH = 14

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