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Literary Terms. Language Arts Grade 9 Ms. MacLean (adapted from C. Aiken). Point of View. First person narrative means writing from the “I” point of view. “As, I walked down the alley... I told Tony to cough up the money... I told myself to relax...”
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Literary Terms Language Arts Grade 9 Ms. MacLean (adapted from C. Aiken)
Point of View • First person narrative means writing from the “I” point of view. • “As, I walked down the alley... I told Tony to cough up the money... I told myself to relax...” • Second person narrative is the “you” point of view (and is the least used form in novels because it is awkward). • “If you’re looking for an agent...Head to the office if you don’t know...”
Point of View • Third person narrative is the omniscient (knowing everything) point of view. Here you use the he - she form. • “She walked down the alley...He told Tony to cough up the money... Jessica told herself to relax..”
Characterization • Characterization is the way the author shows what the character is like. • There are 3 types of characters: • Primary character (Has a major role throughout) • Secondary character (Important at various points) • Tertiary character (Present only to fill in a detail or to serve some specific function at some point)
Characterization • A protagonist is the principle (main) character(s). • An antagonist is a character(s) in opposition (against) the protagonist (the principle character).
Characterization • Character development: The change in what a character is like. • Round character: An main individual, who is fully developed, and has dynamic traits. • Flat character: A minor character who is static and unchanging.
Elements • The settingis the time and place of the actions in the story. • There is usually conflict in the story to make it interesting: • Conflict is a struggle between two characters, or character and nature. • Inner conflict is struggle which takes place in the mind of the character.
Elements • When telling a story, the author uses very specific elements to communicate. • Theme: The main or central idea of the story. • Plot: Series of incidents or happenings in the story (the outline).
Plot • Exposition: The point in which the settings and characters are introduced. • Rising action: The conflict (either internal or external) is introduced. • Climax: The turning point, or highest point of action.
Plot • Falling action: The conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist unravels and the protagonist either wins or loses against the antagonist. • Denouement: The final resolution of the plot.
Literary Terms • Metaphor: Comparing two or more things. • Simile: Comparing two or more things using like or as.
Literary Terms • Alliteration: The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of several words in a row. • Allusion: When reference is directly made or implied to people, places, events, myths, art, books, etc. • Foreshadowing: When an author indistinctly suggests certain events that might come later in the story.
Literary Terms • Imagery: Visually descriptive language, used to create pictures for the reader. • Irony: When an opposite meaning is applied to their literal meaning. • Hyperbole: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Literary Terms • Onomatopoeia: A word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes. • Personification: The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman.