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Climate Change & Wine

Climate Change & Wine. Climate Change & Wine 2008 Barcelona 15 & 16 February. AL GORE Special Guest. Michel Rolland Jacques Lurton Ernst Loosen Miguel Torres Bruno Prats Pascal Chatonnet Stephen Skelton MW Richard Smart Greg Jones Hans Schultz Peter Hayes Pancho Campo

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Climate Change & Wine

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  1. Climate Change & Wine

  2. Climate Change & Wine 2008 Barcelona 15 & 16 February AL GORE Special Guest • Michel Rolland • Jacques Lurton • Ernst Loosen • Miguel Torres • Bruno Prats • Pascal Chatonnet • Stephen Skelton MW • Richard Smart • Greg Jones • Hans Schultz • Peter Hayes • Pancho Campo • Bernard Seguin • Santiago Mínguez • Vicente Sotés • J. R. Lisarrague • A. García Luján • Xavier Sort • J. R. Picatoste

  3. THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS

  4. Energy radiates from the earth surface Energy radiates from the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are being warmed by the radiation from earth Radiation from the sun warms the earth’s surface Withgreenhouse gases: +15 degrees! Withoutgreenhouse gases: -18 degrees!

  5. Climate change within 100 years: About half an ice age, but on the warm side Year 2100? Year 2000 Year 1900 Ice age

  6. - Climate change - • External causes • Solar activity • Earths orbit • Meteorites • Internal causesAnthropogenic • Emissions of greenhouse gases • Particles/clouds • Land change • Internal causesNatural • Enteric • Volcanic eruption • Respiration

  7. IPCC, TAR - 2001

  8. Temperature Variations in the Earth´s Surface in the last 140 Years

  9. Warmest 12 years: 1998,2005,2003,2002,2004,2006, 2001,1997,1995,1999,1990,2000 50 0.1280.026 100 0.0740.018 Global mean temperatures are rising faster with time Period Rate Years /decade

  10. CO2 & Greenhouse Gases

  11. Greenhousegases (has a warming effect) Left in the atmosphere for 100 years Particles (mostly a cooling effect) Left in the atmospherefor 1 week

  12. Concentrations of C02 and methane have increased considerably since the pre-industrial era IPCC, TAR - 2001

  13. IPCC, TAR - 2001

  14. IPCC, TAR - 2001

  15. The Most Scientifical Proof of Climate Change

  16. Impacts on Climate Systems

  17. Changes in the Pattern of Climate Phenomenon… Increase in Temperatures Altered rainfall patterns and flloding… More evaporation, drought, erosion and wild fires

  18. A simplified view of the global thermohaline conveyor belt, showing cooling and downwelling in the North Atlantic, warming and freshening in the southern hemisphere, and return flow as a warm surface current.

  19. Climate Change in the Wine Industry

  20. Temperatures and Precipitation

  21. CRDO Penedés

  22. CRDO Penedés

  23. Huglin & Winkler Indices

  24. Dr. Xavier Sort – Bodegas Miguel Torres

  25. Dr. Xavier Sort – Bodegas Miguel Torres

  26. UV-B Radiations

  27. Phenology

  28. Academia del Vino de España, 2007

  29. Academia del Vino de España, 2007

  30. Academia del Vino de España, 2007

  31. Academia del Vino de España, 2007

  32. Cabernet Sauvignon – March 14th - 2007Academia del Vino de España, 2007

  33. Cabernet Sauvignon – March 22nd - 2007Academia del Vino de España, 2007

  34. Pests & Diseases

  35. Grapes Affected by Sunburn

  36. Reduction in the incidence of botrytis and Downy Mildew due to higher temperatures, less rainfall and higher evapotranspiration. This results in less humidity and drought

  37. Lobesia Botrana

  38. A problem in Ontario and the USA mid-west Taints wines with methoxipirazynes Has entered in Italy, the UK and Belgium. Asian Multicolour Ladybird

  39. The south of Germany has been invaded by Hyalestes obsoletus which vectors Bois Noir or Phytoplasma. • 30% of the vines will be syntomatic by the second year with no yield. • Pierce´s Disease is moving west from Texas as winters become more mild.

  40. Oenological Changes

  41. Skin tannins Anthocyanins Seed tannins Veraison Alcoholic Ripeness The concept of phenolic maturity Evolution of phenolic compounds throughout ripening process

  42. 300 300 15 290 290 14 280 280 13 270 270 12 Temperature (ºC) Day of the year Day of the year 260 260 11 30 september 1971 18 september 1989 250 250 10 5 september 2006 240 240 9 230 230 8 1971 1971 1976 1976 1981 1981 1986 1986 1991 1991 1996 1996 2001 2001 2006 2006 Year Year Saladié et al. (2007) Date of the beginning of the harvest of Macabeu in Sarral (AOC Conca de Barberà) 1971-2006

  43. Advanced Harvest Date Anthocyanidins Alcoholic degree and pH Titratable acidity Veraison Alcoholic Maturity Effects of Climate Change An increasing imbalance between alcoholic and phenolic ripeness Green Seeds Well-ripen seeds Alcoholic Ripeness Alcoholic Ripeness However, skins and specially seeds remain green

  44. Alcohol • Acidity • Potassium • FAN – Free Amino Nitrogen • pH • VA

  45. Cambios Enológicos

  46. Temperatures above 35ºC: • Reduction in Photosynthesis • Blocked production or degradations of anthocyanins. • Reduction in acidity, due to metabolism of malic acid. • Not a significant effect on the formation of flavonols – it is altered by UV-B

  47. GABA (Post Harvest Tº) • Arginine (Berry Damage)

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