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BACTERIA vs VIRUS

BACTERIA vs VIRUS. Biology Chapter 24. Bacteria are very small. This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria. Bacteria are very small compar-ed to cells with nuclei. Evolution/Classification. Most numerous on Earth Most Ancient Microscopic Prokaryotes

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BACTERIA vs VIRUS

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  1. BACTERIA vs VIRUS Biology Chapter 24

  2. Bacteria are very small

  3. This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria

  4. Bacteria are very small compar-ed to cells with nuclei

  5. Evolution/Classification • Most numerous on Earth • Most Ancient • Microscopic Prokaryotes • Evolution has yielded many species adapted to survive where no other organisms can. • Grouped based on: • Structure, physiology, molec. Compositionreaction to specific types of stain. • Eubacteria= Germs/bacteria • Archaebacteria

  6. Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the “smoke” for energy to make ATP.

  7. The red color of this snow is due to a blue-green bacteria

  8. Kingdom Eubacteria • Can have one of three basic shapes • Bacilli – rod-shaped • Spirilla – spiral-shaped • Cocci – sphere-shaped • Staphylococci – grape-like clusters Streptococci – in chains SHOW ME

  9. Bacillus bacteria are rod or sausage shaped

  10. Coccus bacteria are sphere or ball shaped

  11. Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape

  12. Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes gonorrhea

  13. Staphylo - bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts

  14. Strepto- bacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats

  15. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

  16. No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm

  17. Nutrition and Growth • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic • Some are Photoautotrophs – Use sunlight for Energy • Some are Chemoautotrophs. • Many are Obligate Anaerobes. • Oxygen = Death • Ex. Clostridium tetani – Tetanus • Some are Faculatative Anaerobes • With or without Oxygen • Ex. Escherichia Coli • Some are Obligate Aerobes • Ex.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Temperature requirements • Some are Thermophilic, Some prefer acidic envmt.

  18. Bacteria and Disease

  19. Some bacteria cause diseases --Disease causing bacteria are call PATHOGENIC

  20. Helicobacter pylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers

  21. Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers.

  22. CHOLERA

  23. LYME DISEASE

  24. SALMONELLA

  25. STREP THROAT

  26. Common Antibiotics

  27. Some Final Information • Because antibiotics have been overused, many diseases that were once easy to treat are becoming more difficult to treat. • Some Bacteria are Useful • Ex.) Producing and Processing food • Breaking down dead organic material • Make unripened cheese like ricotta and cottage by breaking down the protein in milk.

  28. VIRUSES Non-living but depends on the living!

  29. STRUCTURE • Nonliving • Composed of Nucleic acid and protein • Cause many diseases • Virology – Study of Viruses • Comparison of Viruses and Cells below

  30. Here is a non-enveloped bacteria virus inserting it’s DNA into a bacterial cell.

  31. Characteristics of Viruses • 2 essential features • 1. Nucleic Acid • May be DNA or RNA • Helical, closed loop, or long strand • 2. Protein Coat – called CAPSID • Some have ENVELOPE • Ex. Influenza, chickepox, herpes simplex, HIV • VIRAL SHAPE • Icosahedron – 20 triangular faces • Ex.) herpes, chickenpox, polio • Helix – Coiled spring • EX.)Rabies, measles, tobacco mosaic

  32. All viruses have two main parts: • DNA or RNA – genetic info • Capsid – a protein encasement

  33. Grouping Viruses • Grouped according to: • Presence of Capsid and envelope – shape • RNA or DNA, single or double stranded – struct.

  34. Grouping Viruses • Viroids- The smallest known particle that can replicate. • Disrupt plant cell metabolism • Can destroy entire crops • Prions – Abnormal forms of proteins that clump together inside cells. • Clumping eventually kills the cell • Examples • Scrapie – in sheep • Mad Cow Disease

  35. Viral Replication Picture http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/schoolGraphics/biology2_1.mpg Click Movie to Play

  36. Viruses and Human Disease • Control and Prevention of spread. • Vaccination & Antiviral drugs • Ex.) chickenpox vaccine, AZT, Acyclovir, protease inhibitors. • Emerging Viruses – exist in isolated habitats • Do not usually infect humans unless environmental conditions favor contact. • Several viruses are now linked to cancers such as leukemia, liver cancer, Burkitt’s lymphoma, cervical cancer.

  37. PAPOVAVIRUSES BACK

  38. ADENOVIRUSES BACK

  39. HERPESVIRUSES BACK

  40. POXVIRUSES BACK

  41. After polio infections, the killer T-cell have destroyed the motor neurons that are producing the virus. The result is a loss of muscle control including the diaphragm. The iron lung changes the pressure to pump air in and out of the lungs.

  42. Which US President had polio?

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