1 / 31

Functional group nomenclature in organic compounds

Learn about the nomenclature rules for functional groups in organic compounds. Understand how to name alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and more.

dlillian
Download Presentation

Functional group nomenclature in organic compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. izLrqrdÙkkZ %&MkW ;ksxsUnz dqekj dksBkjhO;k[;krk&jlk;u'kkldh; mR—"V mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ek/kouxj & mTtSu

  2. fØ;kRed lewg,oaIUPAC ukedj.k ds fu;e

  3. bl v/;k; dk v/;;u djus ds i’pkr~ fo|kFkhZ %&1- fØ;kRed lewg dks ifj“kf"kr dj ldsxsaA2- dkcZfud ;kSfxdks esa fØ;kRed lewg dh igpku Kkr dj ldsxsaA3- dkcZfud ;kSfxdks ds IUPAC ukedj.k ds fu;e tku ldsxsaA4- dkcZfud ;kSfxdks ds lw= ns[kdj IUPAC uke fy[k ldsxsA5- IUPAC uke ds vk/kkj ij ;kSfxdks dk lw= fy[k ldsxsa

  4. fØ;kRed lewgifjHkk"kk %& dkcZfud ;kSfxd esa v.kq dk og Hkkx tks ;kSfxd ds jklk;fud xq.kkssa dks fu/kkZfjr djrk gS] fØ;kRed lewg (Functional group) dgykrk gSAtSls %& C2H5OH ,fFky ,YdksgkWy es &OH fØ;kRed lewg gSA

  5. lkj.kh Ø- dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk uke lw= lw= fØ;kRed lewg 8 ,flVkby DyksjkbM CH3COCl – COCl &,flM gSykbM 9 ,flVkekbM CH3CONH2 – CONH2 &,ekbM 10 ,lhfVd ,ugkbMªªªkbM CH3– CO CH3– CO – CO – CO &,ugkbMªkbM >O >O 11 ,fFky ,ehu C2H5NH2 – NH2 &,ehuks 12 ukbVªks esFksu C2H5NO2 – NO2 &ukbVªks 13 essfFky lk;ukbM CH3CN – CN &lk;ukbM 14 esfFky vkblks lk;ukbM CH3NC – NC &vkblkslk;ukbM fØ;kRed lewg ds ckn 'ks"k cps lewg dks ,fYdy lewg dgrs gSaA

  6. IUPAC ukedj.k iz.kkyh & lu~ 1982 esa ftusok esa vUrjk"Vªh; dkUQzsal esa dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa ds ukedj.k ds fy;s ,d iz.kkyh fodflr gqbZ ftls International Union Of Pure and Applied Chemistry dgrs gS] laf{kIr esa ;g IUPAC iz.kkyh dgykrh gSA1- ,Ydsu dk ukedj.k ;s lar`Ir gkbMksdkcZu gksrs gS budk lkekU; lw= CnH2n+2 gksrk gS IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj buds uke ds vUr esa ,su (ane) yxkrs gSA fu;e bl izdkj gS%& A yEch dkcZu J`a[kyk dk p;u djuk & dkcZfud ;kSfxdks ,Ydsu esa yach dkcZu J`a[kyk dk p;u djds dkcZu ijek.kq dks la[;k ds vuq:i eq[; bdkbZ dk ukedj.k djds vUr esa vuq:Ik ane yxknsrs gSA

  7. CH3 - CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2 CH3 dkcZu J`a[kyk iwoZyXu vuqyXuC1 esFk ,suC2 ,sFk ,suC3 izksi ,suC4 C;wV ,su C5 isaV ,su C6 gsDl ,sumnkgj.k %& bl lw= esa yEch J~a[kyk 7 dkcZu ijek.kqvksa dh gSA

  8. B yEch J`a[kyk esa dkcZu ijek.kqvksas dk vdau & dkcZu J`a[kyk esa dkcZu ijek.kqvksa dk vdau ml vksj ls djrs gS ftl vkSj ls izfrLFkkih lewg fudV gksrk gSA mnkgj.k .CH3 CH3 - CH- CH2 - CH2 - CH3 12 3 4 5 .CH3 CH3 - CH- CH2 - CH2 - CH3 54 3 2 1 ¼ 2& esfFky isUVsu ½ lgh uke ¼ 4& esfFky isUVsu ½ xyr uke

  9. Cvdksa dk ;ksx U;wure gks&dkcZu J`a[kyk esa ;fn ,d ls vf/kd izfrLFkk;h lewg gks rks vadu ml vksj ls djrs gS ft/kj ls vadks dk ;ksx U;wure gksaA .CH3 CH3 CH3 - C- CH2 - CH2 – C- CH3 5 4 3 2 1 6 CH2 CH3 7 CH3 .CH3 CH3 CH3 - C- CH2 - CH2 – C- CH3 3 4 5 6 7 2 CH2 CH3 1 CH3 izfrLFkk;h lewg dk ;ksx 2 $ 2 $ 5 $ 5 ¾ 14 3 $ 3 $ 6 $ 6 ¾ 18 lgh uke xyr uke 2]2]5]5& VsVªkesfFky gsIVsu 3]3]6]6& VsVªkesfFky gsIVsu

  10. D izfrLFkk;h lewgksa dks vaxzsth o.kZekyk ds Øe esa fy[kuk &;fn dkcZu J`a[kyk esa ,d ls vf/kd izfrLFkk;h lewg gks rks mUgs vaxzsth o.kZekyk ds Øe esa fy[krs gSA mnkgj.k 1 2 3 4 5 CH3& CH & CH & CH & CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3 3& ,fFky 2]4]& Mk; esfFky isUVsu

  11. vH;kl iz’u 1- fuEu ;kSfxdks dk IUPAC uke fyf[k;s CH3 CH3- C- CH3 CH3 Answer :- CH3- C- CH3 esa dkcZu J`a[kyk 3 ijek.kqvksa dh gSA dkcZu 2 ij 2 CH3 lewg gSa] CH3 CH3- C- CH3 CH3 vr% lgh uke 2]2 & MkbZ esfFky izzksisu gSA 1 2 3

  12. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ,Ydhu ,oa ,Ydkbu dk ukedj.k &,Ydhu ,oa ,Ydkbu valr`Ir gkbMksdkcZu gS] ,Ydhu dk lkekU; lw= CnH2n ,oa ,Ydkbu dk lkekU; lw= CnH2n-2 gksrk gSA,Ydhu ds ukedj.k ds fy;s laxr ,Ydsu ds uke ds vUr esa –ane gVkdj –ene yxkrs gSA mnkgj.k CH3CH = CH- CH3 2&C;wVhu ¼ C;wV + bZu ½,Ydkbu ds ukedj.k ds fy;s laxr ,Ydsu ds uke ds vUr esa –ane gVkdj –ene yxkrs gSAmnkgj.kCH3-C= C-CH32&C;wVhu ¼ C;wV + vkbu ½

  13. vH;kl iz’u 1- fuEu ;ksfxd dk IUPAC uke fyf[k;s CH = C- CH- CH2 - CH3 Answer :- bl ;kSfxd dk lgh uke 1& isUVkbu gSA 1 2 3 4 5

  14. 3 ,fYdy gSykbM dk ukedj.k &,fYdy gSykbM ds ukedj.k ds fy;s ,Ydsu ds vkxs gsykstu ewyd dk fy[krs gSaA tSls&CH3CH2CH2Clblesa 3 dkcZu dh J`a[kyk gS vr% ewy ,Ydsu izksisu gqvk vr% bldk IUPAC uke 1- Dyksjks izksisu gksxkA 3 2 1

  15. ANSWER CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 Cl Br 1&czkseks] 3& Dyksjks C;wVsu 4 3 2 1 vH;kl iz’u CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 Cl Brdk IUPAC uke D;k gSA

  16. 4- Mkbgsykstu O;qRiUu dk ukedj.k& tSls & ,fFkyhu czksekbM CH2BrCH2Br 1]2 Mkbczkseks ,Fksu5- Vªkb gSykstu O;qRiUu dk ukedj.k & tSls & DyksjksQkeZCHCl3 1]1]1 Vªk; Dyksjks esFksu 1 2

  17. 6- eksuks gkbgfMªd ,sYdksgy dk ukedj.k&,Ydksgy ds IUPAC ukedj.k esa laxr ,Ydsu ds uke ds vUr esa e dks gVkdj vkWy (ol) yxk nsrs gSaA tSls & Alkane + Ol = Alkanol ,fFky ,Ydksgy & CH3CH2OH & ,Fksuky C;wfVy ,Ydksgy & CH3CH2CH2OH & C;wVsu&1&vky7- Mkb gkbfMªd ,sYdksgy dk ukedj.k &IUPAC ukedj.k ds le; ,Ydsu esa vuqyXu Mkbvky (diol) tksM+rs gSaA lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH2OH Xyk;dky ,Fksu 1]2 MkbvkWyCH2OH 1 2

  18. 8- Vªkb gkbgfMªd ,sYdksgy dk ukedj.k&IUPAC ukedj.k ds le; ,Ydsu esa vuqyXu Vªkbvky (Triol) tksM+rs gSaA lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH2OH fXyljky izksisuu 1]2]3 VªkbvkWyCHOH CH2OH 1 2 3

  19. 9- bZFkj dk ukedj.k &IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj bZFkj dks ,Ydsu dk ,YdkWDlh O;qRiUu ekurs gSaSR- O – R ,YdkWDlh ,Ydsulk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3 – O – CH3 Mkb esfFky bZFkj esFkkWDlh esFksuCH3 – O – C2H5 ,fFky esfFky bZFkj esFkkWDlh ,Fksu

  20. 10- eksuks dkcksZfDlfyd vEy dk ukedj.k&IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj ,Ydsu ds uke ds vUr esa e gVkdj vksbd vEy(Oic Acid) yxk nsrs gSaA tSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeHCOOH QkWsfed vEy esFksuksbd vEyCH3COOH ,lhfVd vEy ,sFksuksbd vEy

  21. 11- ,YMhgkbM dk ukedj.k &IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj laxr ,Ydsu ds e dks gVkdj al ¼vy½ yxk nsrs gSaSaA Alkane + al = AlkanaltSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeHCHO QkWsesZYMhgkbM vEy esFksuyCH3CHO ,lhVsYMhgkbM ,sFksuy

  22. 12- dhVksu dk ukedj.k&IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj laxr ,Ydsu ds e dks gVkdj one ¼vksu½ yxk nsrs gSaSaAAlkane + one = AlkanonetSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3COCH3 ,lhVksu 2& izksisuksuCH3COCH2CH3 ,fFky esfFky dhVksu 2& C;wVsuksu1

  23. 13- ,YMhgkbM dk ukedj.k &IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj vEy DyksjkbM ds ukedj.k ds fy;s laxr vEy esa ic Acid ds LFkku ij yl Choride yxk nsrs gSaSaA Alkanoic Acid + yl ChloridetSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3COCl ,lhVkby DyksjkbM ,Fksuksby DyksjkbM

  24. 14- ,flM ,ugkbMªkbM dk ukedj.k&IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj laxr vEy ds IUPAC uke esa ls vEy 'kCn ds LFkku ij ,ugkbMªkbM yxk nsrs gSaSaAAlkanoic Acid + Anhydride = Alkanoic AnhydridetSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3CO CO ,lhfVd ,ugkMªkbM ,Fksuksbd ,ugkbMªkbMCH3CO

  25. 15- ,flM ,ekbM dk ukedj.k &IUPAC i)fr ds vuqlkj laxr vEy ds IUPAC uke es ls oic Acid ds LFkku ij ,ekbM yxk nsrs gSaSaAAlkanoic Acid + Amide = Alkanamide tSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3CONH2 ,slsVsekbV ,FksusekbMCH3CH2CONH2izksfivku ,sekbM izksisuSekbM

  26. 16- ,LVj dk ukedj.k&blesa ,d ,fYdy lewg rFkk 'ks“k bdkbZ laxr vEy ds vuqyXu ls bd gVkdj ,V (ate) yxk nsrs gSaA Alkyl Alkanoic Acid + ate tSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3COOCH3 esfFky ,slhVsV esfFky esFksuks,VCH3COOC2H5,fFky ,slhVsV ,sfFky ,sFksuks,V

  27. 17- ,flM dk ukedj.k &IUPAC ukedj.k ds fy, ,ehuks 'kCn ,Ydsu ds vkxs yxk nsrs gSaSaA tSls lk/kkj.k uke IUPAC ukeCH3NH2 esfFky ,ehu ,ehuks esFksuC2H5NH2,fFky ,ehu ,ehuks ,sFksu

  28. 18- ukbVªks ;kSfxd dk ukedj.k&IUPAC ukedj.k ds fy, ukbVªks ,Ydsu iz;qä djrs gSaAC2H5NO2ukbVªks ,sFksu

  29. vH;kl iz’ufuEu ;kSfxdks ds lw= fyf[k;s &¼1½ 1]3 C;wVkMkbu ¼2½ 2& Dyksjks izksisu ¼3½ isUV &1& bZu&4&vkbu ¼4½ esFksuksbd vEy ¼5½ ,FksuyAnswer1. CH2=CH-CH=CH22. CH2-CH-CH2 Cl3. CH=C-CH2-CH=CH24. HCOOH5. CH3CH2OH

  30. vH;kl iz’ufuEu ;kSfxdks ds lw= fyf[k;s &¼1½ ,FkkWDlh ,Fksu ¼2½ 2& ,ehukss izksisu ¼3½ 2&ukbVªks C;wVsu ¼4½ izksisuekbM¼5½ 2&izksisuksuAnswer1. C2H5 - O – C2H5 5. CH3COCH3 2. CH3-CH-CH3 NH23. CH3 - CH – CH2 – CH3 NO24. CH3CH3CONH2

More Related