Populism, rentism and 21 st Century Socialism:

Populism, rentism and 21st Century Socialism:

Communication Leader - Followers • The Plebiscite logic • Permanent campaign • Communicative State (El Estado Comunicador) Centered on Chavez • Aló Presidente • Presidential Broadcastings • Sophisticated Technological Platform… A sort of Direct Democracy • Sociopolitical Networks directly linked to Chavez: Top-bottom Communal Councils • Political Organizations: MVR Circulos & PSUV • Participatory Organizations

Social Composition of Chavism • Followers mainly from lower classes and most recently from rural areas classes.

Electoral Composition

Chavez’s political elites Military. Lower and middle class. Professional educationCivilian. Lower and middle class Professionals. Middle age and leftist social and political activists.

Conclusions • Chávez as the empty signifier in 1998. • The political struggle during his first term. • The State centralization. • The Constitutional amendment and Chavez authoritarian tendencies. • The weakening of democratic institutions.

Populism, rentism and 21 st Century Socialism:

Populism, rentism and 21 st Century Socialism:

Presentation Transcript

21 st Century = Biotech Century

21 st Century Learning

21 st century challenges

21 st Century Teaching for 21 st Century Students

21 st Century Assessment

21 st Century Learning

21 st Century Lessons

21 st Century

21 st Century Leadership

Creating 21 st Century Colleges for 21 st Century Students

21 st Century Skills

21 st Century Skills

21 st Century Lessons

21 st Century Resumes

21 st Century Skills

Populism, rentism and 21 st Century Socialism:

21 st Century Lessons

21 st Century?

21 st Century Kashrus

21 st Century Education

21 st Century Learning: Teachers, Testing, and 21 st Century “Talk”

21 st century