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Challenges and opportunities for sustainable management of potentially polluted and polluted sites

Challenges and opportunities for sustainable management of potentially polluted and polluted sites. Arta Bažovska Edgars Dimitrijevs 2019. C ooperation based management – management strategy. Strategy - Target audience for the document are municipalities , land owners , society

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Challenges and opportunities for sustainable management of potentially polluted and polluted sites

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  1. Challenges and opportunities for sustainable management of potentially polluted and polluted sites Arta Bažovska Edgars Dimitrijevs 2019

  2. Cooperationbased management – management strategy

  3. Strategy - Target audience forthedocumentaremunicipalities, landowners, society ThepuroseofStrategy - giverecommendationsand ‘roadmap’ to landownersonmanaginghistoricallypollutedsite TheStrategyincludes- • Summaryoflawsandlegislation • Overviewofpollutiondetectionmethods • Pollution life cycle in the environment • Principlesofcontaminationspread • Possibleactionscenarios • Siteremediationmethodsandpossibilities • Recomendationsonsitemanagingandcooperationmodels • Multiplecasestudies

  4. Pollution life cycle in the environmentandassociated risks • Whatisenvironmentalpollution? • Soil, water, groundwaterpollution • PollutiotypesdominatinginLatvia - pesticides, fertilizers, oilproducts, heavymetals

  5. The most common sources of pollution UrbanIndustrial AgriculturalResidential

  6. Nitrogenlifecycleandenvironmentalpollutioncirulation

  7. How to recognisepollution?

  8. Managementofpollutedsites • Recognitionandassessment • Preliminarysiteassessment • Detailedsiteassessment • Siteassessmentforremediation • ... to takeactionornot? • Register of contaminated and potentially contaminated sites – threecategories • Potentionalsourcesoffinance

  9. Communicationwithsociety • Defininginternalresponisbilityscheme • Publiccommunicationandinvolvingofresidents • Important: People are not fundamentally againstchange, they are againstto forced change • Arguments - health effects, increasingvalue of property, elimination of limiteduseofproperty • Eliminationofpropertyownersfear (ofsanctions, limitations, etc.)

  10. Recommendations Key action points for municipalities

  11. Key action points for privateowners, busineses

  12. Innovativesustainable site remediationmethods

  13. Assessmentandinvestigationofpollution Siteinvestigationstages and their role in the management of contaminated sites • Preliminarysiteinvestigation • Detailedsiteinvestigation • Siteassessmentforremediation (canbecombinedwithdetailedsiteinvestigation) Sufficient goodquality data is the key to successful management of the environment and contaminated sites !!!

  14. Siteinvestigationmethods Modernmethods: • Significantamountofdata, registeredbydevices • No subjectivemanipulations • «on-line» process, thatallows to changerapidlyandadaptinvestigationplansto actualsituation ‘Traditional’ methods: • Limitedamountofdata • Siteinvestigation process isstagnant • Possibility to datamanipulationandmistakes • Lotsofdangerouswasteduringdrilling

  15. Conceptual comparison of investigationmethods

  16. Siteinvestigationmethods Modernmethods: ‘Traditional’ methods :

  17. Siteinvestigationmethods Sampleofusingmodernmethodsinsitepollutioninvestigation: Siteinvestigationusing LIF as a method

  18. Siteinvestigationresults, using LIF

  19. Mostcommonchallengesinsiteinvestigation Lawandmethods • Likums par piesārņojumu • MK noteikumi Nr. 804 • MK noteikumi Nr. 118 • MK noteikumi Nr. 158 • MK noteikumi Nr. 92 • MK noteikumi Nr. 1032 • MK noteikumi Nr. 409 • MK noteikumi Nr. 696 • Komersantam izsniegtās zemes dzīļu izmantošanas licences nosacījumi

  20. Mostcommonchallengesinsiteinvestigation LawandmethodsinLatvia • Unclearandinterpretabledefinitions (applicationvariesevenbetweenregionaldepartaments ofoneorganisation) • No guidelines on the scope, methods and quality of the research – difficulties to controlthequalityofserviceproviders • No methodicalrequirement to divide the siteassessmentinto stages - preliminary, detailed, pre-remediation. The result – remediationmethods and volumes are determined from preiminaryinvestigationreports • Limitvaluesarethesameforalltypeofland-use. No riskassessmentrequirements

  21. Mostcommonchallengesinsiteinvestigation LawandmethodsinLithuania • Reglament No. 1-104 «DĖL EKOGEOLOGINIŲ TYRIMŲ REGLAMENTO PATVIRTINIMO» rulesdefinesthat: • Siteinvestigationshouldbedividedintostages: recognition, preliminaryanddetailed investigation • No need to submitworkprogrammbeforeinvestigation • Preliminarysiteinvestigation: smallamountofboreholesandsamples, butwidespectreofparametersanalysed • Detailedinvestigationneededifpollutionisdetectedinstage I – lotsofsamplesandboreholes, butonlycomponentsthatexceedslimitareanalysed • ResultsofsiteinvestigationarereviewedandacceptedbyLithuanianGeologicalSurvey

  22. Mostcommonchallengesinsiteinvestigation LawandmethodsinLithuania «DĖL EKOGEOLOGINIŲ TYRIMŲ REGLAMENTO PATVIRTINIMO» «PreliminarusisEkogeologinisTyrimas» Amountofinvestigation ‘blocks’ AmountofSoiland GW samples

  23. Mostcommonchallengesinsiteinvestigation LawandmethodsinLithuania «DĖL EKOGEOLOGINIŲ TYRIMŲ REGLAMENTO PATVIRTINIMO» «DetalusisEkogeologinisTyrimas» A detailed geo-ecological survey shall be conducted if contamination is detected during the preliminarysurvey. At this stage, the amount of contaminated soil, soil and water, the maximum and mean concentrations, the possible sources and causes of contamination, and the effects of contamination on receptors are assessed. Samplesaretakenandanalysedonlyonthoseparametersthatareabovethe limits. Results of site investigation are reviewed and accepted by Lithuanian Geological Survey Thereareadditionallawforsitesthatarepollutedwithoilproducts

  24. Remediationmethods As in other industries, pollution is now moving towards sustainability. The essential aspects of reducing energy consumption, conserving natural resources, avoiding waste, reusing materials, reusing degraded sitesaretakenintoaccount Thus, in-situ methods are often considered to be more sustainable methods

  25. Remediationincompliancewiththe«WasteFrameworkDirective» WasteFrameworkDirectivedefines waste management options according to their environmental impact The primary task is not to generatewasteatall owever, if the waste (including hazardous as contaminated soil) is generated, the priority is to prepare it for reuse (eg solidification), followed by recycling, recovery, and only as a last resort to landfill. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/

  26. Remediationmethods In-SITU • Phytoremediation • Bioremediation • Chemicaloxidation (ISCO) • Pumpandtreat • Vacuumextraction (bioventing, multiphaseextraction, dualphaseextraction) • Electrokineticremediation • Controllednaturalattenuation • Solidification/stabilisation, Permeablereactivebarriers Ex-SITU • Diganddump (ortreat)

  27. Phytoremediation Avots: https://lnu.se/en/research/searchresearch/forskningsprojekt/project-phytoremediation-park-in-kingdom-of-glass/

  28. Bioremediation

  29. Pumpandtreat

  30. Vacuumextraction

  31. Chemicaloxidation Chemical oxidation is a remediationmethod used to treat ground and/or groundwater by introducing chemical oxidants (ozone, peroxide, permanganate, persulphate, etc.) into the soil or groundwater. It can be used to eliminateorganic compounds, including those that are naturally degraded very slowly. The main advantages are that the remediation process is intensive, fast and applicable in different siteconditions

  32. Solidification/stabilisation, Permeablereactivebarriers Solidification/stabilisationis a remediation technology based on the physico-chemical reaction between the pollutant and the soil, linking them to make the pollution inert.

  33. Solidification/stabilisation, Permeablereactivebarriers Advantages: • Lowcosts • No need to transport large quantities of hazardous substances (particularly relevant in urban environments) • Remediation can be done simultaneously with construction • The stabilized material can be used as a backfillfor parking lots or under building foundations, and it iscompletelysafe

  34. Solidification/stabilisation, Permeablereactivebarriers Methodapplicationpossibilities • Remediation of contaminated sediments (TBT, heavy metals, PAHs, Oil, etc.) in urban, industrial and port areas • Conversion of contaminated sediments with low load-bearing capacity into environmentally friendlymaterials for foundation of various structures (parking lots, etc.)

  35. Solidification/stabilisation, Permeablereactivebarriers Samples: Remediationofpolluted sediments, Sunderland, UK • Amountof stabilized sediments: 30 000 tons • Durationof the remediation is similarto diganddumpapproach • Pollutants to treat: Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, asbestos fibers • ~ 2.9 million euroswere saved, comparedto the disposal of material at the landfill Historicallypollutedharbour, UK • Pollutedarea – 9.3 ha • Amountof stabilized sediments: 5 000m3. • Pollutants to treat: Oil, PAH, Heavymetals, tributyltin • Biological methods and material transport to landfill were considered too expensive alternatives to the stabilization method

  36. Thankyou!

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