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Happy Monday! – 1/5

Happy Monday! – 1/5. Richard investigates whether soaking beans in water before planting affects how the beans grow. Which beans would most likely be the control group? A the beans that were soaked the least amount of time B the beans that were not soaked in water

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Happy Monday! – 1/5

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  1. Happy Monday! – 1/5 Richard investigates whether soaking beans in water before planting affects how the beans grow. Which beans would most likely be the control group? A the beans that were soaked the least amount of time B the beans that were not soaked in water C the beans that had the greatest mass D the beans that grew the tallest

  2. CELL CYCLE Click here to watch brief video over cell cycle

  3. Why do cells divide… • A. One-celled organisms • for reproduction • Asexual reproduction(clones) • Binary fission (bacteria only) • B. Multi-celled organisms • for growth & development • - fromfertilized eggto adult • for repair & replacement • - replace cells that die from normal • wear & tear or from injury amoeba starfish

  4. Happy Tuesday! – 1/6 What structure is shared between all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A Nucleus B Cell wall C DNA D Mitochondria *****You need to grab 2 colored pencils!*****

  5. Stages of Cell Cycle The cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division. 1. INTERPHASE: a. G1 Phase b. S Phase c. G2 Phase 2. M Phase (MITOSIS)

  6. The Cell Cycle Interphase The majority of a cells life is spent in Interphase. Interphase is broken into 3 phases: G1, S, and G2 During Interphase 2 things happen: 1. A cell grows in size. 2. Chromosomes (DNA) are duplicated in preparation for cell division.

  7. 1. G1 Phase (Growth) First growth stage Cell increases in size Cell prepares to copy its DNA 3 Phases of Interphase:

  8. 2. Synthesis Phase (S Phase) Copying of all of DNA’s instructions Chromosomes duplicated DNA repairs any errors/damage

  9. 3. G2 Phase (Growth) Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis Cell continues growing Needed proteins produced

  10. Why do cells copy their DNA? • A dividing cell duplicates its DNA • creates 2 copies of all DNA • separates the 2 copies to opposite ends of the cell • splits into 2 daughter cells • But the DNA starts loosely wound in the nucleus • If you tried to divide it like that, it could tangle & break DNA cell nucleus

  11. Organizing & packaging DNA DNA cell DNA has been “wound up” nucleus DNA in chromosomes ineveryday “working” cell cell nucleus 4 chromosomesin this organism DNA in chromosomes in cell getting ready to divide

  12. Coil DNA into compact chromosomes Copying DNA Copying & packaging DNA When cell is ready to divide… • copy DNA first, then… • coil up doubled chromosomes like thread on a spool… • now can move DNA around cell without having it tangle & break

  13. double-strandedhuman chromosomes ready for mitosis

  14. chromosomes in cell DNA in chromosomes cell 4 single-stranded chromosomes duplicated chromosomes nucleus duplicated chromosomes cell nucleus 4 double-stranded chromosomes DNA must be duplicated…before division

  15. MITOSIS:Making New CellsMaking New DNA

  16. 5 Stages of MITOSIS: 1. Prophase • DNA is wound up into chromosomes to keep it organized • Nuclear membrane disappears • Centrioles migrate to poles **Different colors of DNA represent what you got from MOM & DAD duplicated chromosomes cell centrioles nucleus

  17. 5 Stages of MITOSIS: 2. Metaphase • chromosomes line up in middle • attached to protein “cables” that will help them move M = M Metaphase = Middle duplicated chromosomes lined up in middle of cell

  18. 5 Stages of MITOSIS: 3. Anaphase • chromosomes split, separating pairs • start moving to opposite ends A = A Anaphase = Away chromosomes split & move to opposite ends

  19. 5 Stages of MITOSIS: 4. Telophase • Cell starts to divide • nucleus forms again • Plant cells form CELL PLATES • Animal cells form CLEVAGE FURROWS

  20. 5 Stages of MITOSIS: 5. Cytokinesis • DNA unwinds again • Produces 2 identical daughter cells

  21. ***End result of mitosis:TWO identical “daughter” cells • Get 2 exactcopies of original cells • same DNA • “clones” Every cell in your body has the same DNA (except sperm & eggs).

  22. Happy Wednesday! – 1/7 One part of the cell cycle controls the repair of damaged DNA which, if unsuccessful, could eventually result in the abnormal cell division that typifies some types of cancer. What phase would repair DNA? A G1 B S C G2 D M

  23. I.P.M.A.T.C. Overview of CELL CYCLE interphase prophase prophase Make an acronym to remember the steps: Individual: PleaseMake Another Two Cells cytokinesis metaphase anaphase telophase

  24. Cell Cycle in Plant Cells Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Interphase

  25. Cell Cycle

  26. What stage is shown here? Anaphase

  27. And now for the world’s creepiest song about cell division MITOSIS SET TO MUSIC

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