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CELL STRUCTURE

Explore the discovery of cells, understand the cell theory, and learn about the different types and parts of a cell. Discover intriguing facts such as the largest and smallest cells in the human body. Gain knowledge about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as well as the structure and functions of various cell components.

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CELL STRUCTURE

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  1. CELL STRUCTURE Jan Homolak, 2nd year School of Medicine, Zagreb4/28/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. The Cell Discovery The Cell Theory The Cell TypesParts of the Cell

  3. Cella = small room

  4. Cell Discovery Robert Hooke-observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) Microphagia-described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells) 1665

  5. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • first person to observe living cells • 1675

  6. Cell Theory ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF basic units of structure and function come only from existing cells

  7. Matthias Schleiden (1838)-all plants are composed of cells • Theodor Schwann (1839)- all animals are composed of cells • Rudolph Virchow (1855)- cells come only from other cells

  8. ???  the female ovum • The largest cell in the human body? • The smallest cell in the human body? • The largest cell on earth? • The smallest cell? • which cell is the most abundant in the human body?There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells. male sperm(175,000 sperm cells weigh as much as a single egg cell) an ostrich egg  a tiny bacteria

  9. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes true nucleus • Animals • Plants • Fungi • Bacteria

  10. Parts of the Cell • taking food • transforming food into energy • getting rid of wastes • reproducing

  11. Cell Membrane • Structure:- phospholipid bilayer- proteins:- channels -markers -receptors • Function: “selectively permeable boundary between the cell and the external environment”

  12. Nucleus • Structure: a sphere • Function: -storage center of cell DNA-manages cell functions

  13. Cytoplasm • Structure: - gelatin-like fluid- inside the cell membrane • Function: -contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules -surrounds the organelles

  14. Cytoskeleton • Structure: -network of thin, fibrous elements microtubules microfilaments (actin) • Function:-support system-maintains cell shape

  15. Ribosomes • Structure: -two subunits made of protein and RNA • Function:-protein synthesis

  16. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Structure: -a system of membranous tubules and sacs • Function: -”intercellular highway” • roughendoplasmicreticulum • smoothendoplasmicreticulum

  17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Covered with ribosomes • Protein synthesis and export

  18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxic substances

  19. Golgi Apparatus • Structure: -stacked flat sacs • Function: -distribution of received proteins (to other organelles or out of the cell) (receiving, processing, packaging, and shipping)

  20. Mitochondria • Structure: -folded membrane within an outer membrane • Function: - energy conversion (food -> ATP)

  21. Lysosomes • Structure: -spherical organelles • Function: -contain hydrolytic enzymes

  22. Peroxisomes • Structure: -spherical organelles • Function: -degrade hydrogen peroxide(toxic metabolic compound)

  23. Centrioles • Structure: -nine sets of triplet microtubules-arranged in a ring • Function: -cell division (mitosis)

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