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Nematode Diseases of Perennials Management Dr. James A. LaMondia Plant Pathologist/Nematologist

Nematode Diseases of Perennials Management Dr. James A. LaMondia Plant Pathologist/Nematologist The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory Windsor, CT. Perennials: Nematode Management. Thresholds lower than annuals Fewer chances for control

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Nematode Diseases of Perennials Management Dr. James A. LaMondia Plant Pathologist/Nematologist

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  1. Nematode Diseases of Perennials Management Dr. James A. LaMondia Plant Pathologist/Nematologist The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Valley Laboratory Windsor, CT

  2. Perennials: Nematode Management • Thresholds lower than annuals • Fewer chances for control • Host differences – perennial roots

  3. Nematode Disease Management • Preventative approach best • Sanitation and inspection • Rotation with resistance • Root pruning • Heat treatment

  4. Nematode Disease Management Sanitation and inspection Host status evaluation : Labor-intensive inspection can focus on common susceptible species

  5. M. hapla – highly susceptible Acanthus Aconitum Ajuga Astilbe Cimicifuga Coreopsis Clematis Geranium Heliopsis Iris Ligularia Lobelia Salvia Stachys Veronica

  6. M. hapla – resistant Achillea Asclepias Aster Digitalis Echinacea Gaillardia Iris Liatris Liriope Monarda Papaver Penstemon Phlox Primula Rudbeckia

  7. Nematode Disease Management Rotation with resistance Can non-host plants reduce root-knot populations in soil ?

  8. Greenhouse resistance screen Rate for galls after two months 98 spp in 85 genera 29 resistant (no galls); 46 susceptible (> 11 galls) remainder intermediate

  9. Effect of Resistance on Meloidogyne hapla • Inoculate with 10,000 eggs/pot • 2 -6 months growth, bioassay • Evaluate root galling and egg production.

  10. Effect of Resistance on M. hapla GenusGalls/plantGalls/g root Aster 0 0 Coreopsis 321 18 Lobelia 2576 87 Rudbeckia 0 0

  11. Nematode Disease Management Root pruning M. hapla J2 typically infects at or near root tips. Can pruning reduce infection?

  12. Effect of Root Pruning on Meloidogyne hapla • Inoculate with 10,000 eggs/pot • Three months growth, root prune, two months growth • Evaluate root galling and egg production.

  13. Effect of Root Pruning on M. haplaGeranium % Fine roots pruned #Galls#Eggs 0 40.3 10,411 50 18.7 2,228 75 21.4 4,460 100 2.9 43

  14. Effect of Root Pruning on M. hapla #Galls/g root #Eggs/g root GenusPrunedNotPrunedNot Aconitum 0.0 8.5 0.0 404 Ajuga 0.0 15.9 0.0 361 Anemone 0.0 71.7 0.0 13,902 Trollius 0.2 1.8 0.0 790

  15. Hot Water treatment: M. hapla • Large tank submersion • Temp variation +/- 0.5 C • Cool in 15-17 C after treatment • Astilbe and Hosta: 45 C 60 min; and 47 C for 30 min effective • 49 C for 30 min - plant death

  16. Root-Knot Management • Preventative approach best • Sanitation and inspection • Rotation with resistance • Root pruning/Heat treatment • Plant Breeding/Selection

  17. Nematodes Infecting Perennials Meloidogyne hapla - root-knot Aphelenchoides - foliar nematodes Ditylenchus - stem/bulb nematodes Pratylenchus - lesion nematodes

  18. Foliar Nematode Management with Insecticides • Avid 0.15 EC (abamectin) spider mites: 4 fl oz/100 gal leafminer rate: 8 fl oz/100 gal • Diazinon AG500 1.5 oz/3 gal • Spray to complete coverage

  19. Treatmentppm aispraysA. fragariae Control 0.0 - 35.7 Avid 5.6 1 6.7 Avid 5.6 2 1.9 Avid 11.2 1 19.5 Avid 11.2 2 0.0 • P = 0.04

  20. Ditylenchus per g leaf tissueTreatmentppm ai1-4 sprays5-6 Control 0.0 482 215 Avid 5.6 257 693 Avid 11.2 485 164 Diazinon 5.6 187 2 Diazinon 11.2 226 5

  21. Foliar Nematode Management with Peroxides ZeroTol or Oxidate 27% hydrogen peroxide Evaluate toxicity in vitro Evaluate efficacy in vivo

  22. ZeroTol: Efficacy vs Aphelenchoides in vitro evaluation DilutionViable (24 hr) (48 hr) control 94 % 76 % 1:200 1 0 1:100 0 0 1:50 0 0

  23. ZeroTol: Efficacy vs AphelenchoidesA. fragariae per g Anemone leaf Dilution123 control 113 113 150 1:100 639 1208 872 1:50 1657 3988 780

  24. Foliar Nematode Management with Insecticides/miticides Pylon: new miticide for ornamentals 21.4% chlorfenapyr Label for foliar Aphelenchoides Efficacy similar to Avid

  25. Foliar Nematode Management • Preventative approach best • Sanitation and inspection • Reduce overhead watering • Insecticide treatments • Suppression of nematodes

  26. Nematodes Infecting Perennials Meloidogyne hapla - root-knot Aphelenchoides - foliar nematodes Ditylenchus - stem/bulb nematodes Pratylenchus - lesion nematodes

  27. Lesion Nematode Management • Primarily field-grown problem • Pre-plant sampling • Rotation - suppressive plants

  28. Lesion Nematode Management • Preventative approach best • Sanitation and inspection • Rotation with suppressive plants Rudbeckia hirta; Polynema marigold • Fumigation

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