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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. World War II. World War II marked the beginning of the nation’s role as a superpower. The war also transformed the American economy into an enormously productive and enduringly prosperous economy.” TAJ. 1939-1945. Images from Google Images. WW II Leaders.

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 World War II World War II marked the beginning of the nation’s role as a superpower. The war also transformed the American economy into an enormously productive and enduringly prosperous economy.” TAJ 1939-1945 Images from Google Images

  2. WW II Leaders • Benito Mussolini: Italy • Adolf Hitler: Germany • Joseph Stalin: Soviet Union (Russia) • America: FDR • Japan: Hideki Tojo

  3. Section 1 The War Begins

  4. “He who wants to live must fight, and he who does not want to fight in this world, where eternal struggle is the law of life, has no right to exist.” Benito Mussolini Il Duce(the leader) Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf ( My struggle) Rise of Dictators Rise to power by taking advantage of people’s anger and suffering. Italy Made fascism, a political system where the government is seen as more important than individuals. Extreme nationalism and racism His Fascist Party gained enough power to force Italy’s king to declare him head of the government. Mid -1930’s began expanding territory “God and history will remember your judgment. It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.”(Ethiopian Emperor, Haile Selassis, appealing to the League of Nations for help.)

  5. Adolf Hitler Germany Exploited concern over inflation and unemployment Became chairman of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party – Nazis Openly racist Anti-Semitism- hatred of Jews (Blamed them for Germany’s problems) 1933-Became chancellor- chief minister of Germany- ended all democracy and established totalitarian rule In a totalitarian state a single party and its leader controls every aspect of citizens’ lives 1936- Formed an alliance with Italy

  6. Soviet Union Rose to power as Communist leader (1928) Demanded complete obedience Joseph Stalin Terrorized those he saw as political enemies, killing and imprisoning millions of Soviet citizens Controlled by use of force

  7. Japan 1930s- Military leaders in Japan rose to power as Japanese became upset with their government for not solving their economic problems during the Depression. September 1931- Launched an attack on province of Manchuria (NE China). Killed hundreds of thousands Signed a pact of alliance with Germany and Italy. Japan set up a government in Manchuria. …moving southward until it occupied most of the country. Germany AXIS Japan Italy

  8. American Neutrality Most Americans wanted to avoid involvement. Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1937 (banned sale of weapons to nations at war, allowed trade only with nations that could pay cash and ship their own goods.)

  9. Germany Expands Hitler dreamed of avenging Germany’s defeat in WWI. 1936 – Ordered troops into Rhineland Turned to Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia where many German-speaking people lived)- Czechs prepared to fight France and Britain’s leaders tried to avoid war by accepting Germany’s demands- (policy later called appeasement) Turn Sudetenland over to Germany: Hitler promised not to expand Germany’s territory. Czechs turned to allies-Britain and France- met in Munich, Germany (1938) to seek a peaceful solution- avoid war. Hitler and Stalin signed the treaty called the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact (August 1939)- Hitler could use force against Poland without fear of Soviet intervention.

  10. September 1, 1939- Hitler sent his armies to Poland. (WWII Begins) Great Britain and France (Allied Powers) declared war on Germany. “blitzkrieg” “lightning war”- attack was swift and fierce Soviet troopsmoved into eastern Poland(acting on Soviet agreement with Germany to divide Poland.) Poland was split in half by Hitler and Stalin. Stalin forced Baltic republics of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia to accept Soviet military bases. Tried to do the same with Finland…they fought back, but eventually surrendered. (1940)

  11. Hitler attacked Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium (west) With the collapse of Belgium allied troops retreated to the port of Dunkirk (NW corner of France) on the English Channel. Trapped between Germans and French coast. Netherlands and Belgium asked help from the Allies – Great Britain and France The War Expands Hitler Moves West Spring 1940- Hitler attacked Denmark and Norway (North) June 22, 1940 France surrenders to Germany, but French resistance continues

  12. Domination of Western Europe The Battle of Britain The only thing standing between Hitler and domination of Western Europe was. . . Great Britain

  13. 1st- Break British morale Then, invade Britain. Hitler had to come up with a plan to invade Britain. Get them while they’re down! July 1940-the Luftwaffe, or German air force, attacked British planes and airfields. August-the Luftwaffe began bombing British cities(Destroyed entire neighborhoods …killed many civilians).

  14. British Royal Air Force-destroyed some 2,300 Luftwaffe aircraft using new radar technology Hitler cancelled invasion

  15. Axis Powers V. Allies ?

  16. America and the War Roosevelt: OPPOSED HITLER’S ACTIONS VOWED TO STAY NEUTRAL PREPARED FOR WAR Strengthened the Navy; signed the Selective Training and Service Act (1st peacetime draft in U.S. history- applied to men between ages 21-35.)

  17. The 1940 election With world in crisis, Roosevelt decided to run for a 3rd term …breaking the tradition that had been set since George Washington. Ran against Democrat candidate- business leader Wendell L. Wilkie of Indiana. “Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars.” -Franklin Roosevelt Roosevelt won an easy victory.

  18. Helping the Allies Roosevelt started supporting the Allies openly. 1941, Congress approved: Lend-Lease Act Allowed America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any country who was considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” (Cash & Carry) Britain was the 1st to use it; Isolationist argued it would increase U.S. involvement in the war. Sent Supplies to Britain, China, and other Allied countries Sent supplies to Soviet Union-until Hitler invaded in June 1941 German submarines had been sinking British ships in the Atlantic- including those carrying supplies from the U.S. American ships started escorting British merchant ships. Germans began firing on the ships. Roosevelt issued a “shoot-on-sight” order to American naval vessels that saw German and Italian ships in certain areas.

  19. Pearl Harbor

  20. The Japanese Threat While Hitler and Mussolini were doing damage in Europe…the Japanese were making their conquests in the Far East. Seized French colony of Indochina in 1940 (in Southeast Asia.) Seized much of China in 1930s. Planned to take Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, and Philippines (American territory.) The United States Responds U.S. supplied economic pressure- freezing all Japanese assets in American banks; stopped the sale of oil, gasoline and other natural resources Japan needed. Japanese were outraged!

  21. 1941: Japanese prime minister, Fumimaro Konoye, resigned. (He had been willing to negotiate with U.S. because he felt Japan could not defeat U.S. at war.) New prime minister, General Hideki Tojo, did not agree. November 20, 1941, negotiations were open between the U.S. and Japan in Washington. At the same time, the Tojo government began to plan an attack on the U.S. Hideki Tojo

  22. The Attack on Pearl Harbor 7:55 Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes attacked the military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Ships were anchored in neat rows, airplanes grouped together on the airfield. Sank or damaged all of the US battleships anchored at Pearl Harbor More than 2,400 Americans killed Almost 200 airplanes desytroyed

  23. Pearl Harbor was the worst defeat in United States military history. . . yet it united Americans. President Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration of war. December 8, 1941-US declared war on Japan December 11, 1941: Germany and Italy- Japan’s allies declared war on the U.S. Congress declared war on them as well. The U.S. was now part of the Allies—Great Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union.

  24. Axis Powers Allies V.

  25. Pearl Harbor Video

  26. Section 2 War Begins In a speech delivered by President Franklin Roosevelt, he expressed the feelings many Americans had toward the growing “epidemic of world lawlessness.” (1937) TAJ “We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement.”

  27. Germans crossed the Somme River and continued into France. Italy joined the war on Germany’s side and attacked France from the southeast. AXIS Powers: Bad G. I. Joe Germany, Italy- and later Japan- formed the AXIS POWERS. Italy Japan June 14, 1940, German troops marched into Paris…Stunned by the blitzkrieg, the French surrendered. Germany

  28. Hitler called for Great Britain to surrender. British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, gave this response: “We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.” The Battle of Britain continued on from August until October, 1940- but the Germans never gained control over the skies. The heroics of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) caused Hitler to end the air attacks.

  29. Germany Turns East Frustrated over his failure in Britain, Hitler decided to turn East to fulfill his dream . . . Of taking over the Soviet Union. He attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941- ignoring the pact he’d made with Stalin. Germans moved into Soviet territory. The Soviet Union joined the Allies in their fight against the Axis Powers.

  30. The Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill drew up the Atlantic Charter (1941.) Planned for a world after the “destruction of the Nazi tyranny.” -TAJ Pledged the people that all every nation would be free to choose their own form of government and live free of “fear and want.” -Urged disarmament- giving up military weapons- and the creation of a “permanent system of general security.”

  31. Propaganda Posters

  32. Section 3 On the Home Front

  33. On the Home Front America Prepares Attack on Pearl Harbor united Americans. Started preparing for war! U.S. had already begun raising an army under the Selective Service Acts of 1940 & 1941. More than 15 million Americans joined the armed forces during the war (both as draftees and volunteers.) For the 1st time, large numbers of women served in the military. ABOUT 250,000 WACs (Women’s Army Corps) and WAVES(women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Services in the Navy), women’s units in marines, Coast Guard and army air corps.

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