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변이 (Variation)

변이 (Variation). Nature and Cause of Variation Evolutionary Significance of Variation. 1. Nature and Cause of Variation. Study of Variation within and among individuals, among populations, and among species 자연선택 , 표현형 형질 , 유전자 또는 환경에 따른 변이 정도 , 다음 세대로의 유전 정도.

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변이 (Variation)

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  1. 변이(Variation) Nature and Cause of Variation Evolutionary Significance of Variation

  2. 1. Nature and Cause of Variation • Study of Variation within and among individuals, among populations, and among species • 자연선택, 표현형 형질, 유전자 또는 환경에 따른 변이 정도, 다음 세대로의 유전 정도

  3. Modes of Expression of Variation • Discrete Traits • Quantitative Traits • Threshold Traits • Sexual Dimorphic Traits

  4. Discrete Traits

  5. Quantitative Traits

  6. Mean, Variation

  7. Variation among populations

  8. Cause of Variation and their Evolutionary Consequences • Variation within individuals • Variation among individuals in random-mating, unstructured populations • Variation in structured populations – genotypes do not interact at random

  9. Ontogenetic Variation

  10. Ontogenic Variation

  11. 2. Evolutionary significance of Variation • Quantitative Traits genetic versus environmental causes of phenotype variation

  12. Total Phenotype Variation

  13. R=h2S • R=h2S • R Response to selection (phenotype change between generation) • H heritability • S Selection differential (before and after selection)

  14. Genetic Variation  Additive Genetic Variance  Nonadditive Variance - Dominance variance - Cytoplasmic variance • Epigenetic Variance • Interaction of Nonadditive and Additive Genetic Variance

  15. Table 2.1 Epistatic Interaction

  16. Table 2.2 Epistatic Interaction

  17. Interconversion of Nonadditive and Additive Genetic Variance • Epistatic variation : Nonadditive Little direct part in response to selection • Epistatic/Alleic variation Loss : Convert to Additive variation • Passing through the bottleneck : Additive Genetic variation increase

  18. Table 2.3 Schematic Example Genotype b loss makes BB only and additive variation

  19. Environmental Variation • Abiotic Environmental Variation • Biotic Environmental Variation • Maternal Environmental Variation

  20. Genotype X Environment Interaction • Cannot be predictated on ths basis of each Genotype and Environment • VP VG + VE ,VP= VGx VE • Diminishing heritability • Constraint evolutionary changes • Reduce potential response to selection

  21. Genotype X Environmental Interaction

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