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Ancient Greece I

Ancient Greece I. 2000 BC to 449 BC. SOL Standards Essential Questions. How did mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?

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Ancient Greece I

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  1. Ancient Greece I • 2000 BC to 449 BC

  2. SOL Standards Essential Questions • How did mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization? • How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain the natural world and the human condition? • What impact did Greek mythology have on later civilizations and the contemporary world? • How did democracy develop in Athens? • How did Sparta differ from Athens? • Why were wars with Persia important to the development of Greek culture?

  3. Location of Greece • Greek Peninsula in Europe and on Asia Minor • On the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas

  4. Greek Geography • Mountainous Terrain Troy Athens Sparta Macedonia Aegean Sea Black Sea Mediterranean Sea

  5. Trojan War • Fought over control over the Dardanelles: Dardanelles: Strait linking the Mediterranean (Aegean) and Black Seas

  6. Homer • Poet credited with composing the epics The Illiad and TheOdyssey • Epics: narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds • Stories were passed down orally

  7. The Illiad • Tells of Trojan War and the warriors Achilles of Greece and Hector of Troy

  8. The Odyssey • Tells of Odysseus’ adventures on his ten year journey home from Troy Odysseus meets the sirens

  9. City- States • Mountainous Terrain led to the formation of independent city-states

  10. The Greek City State • Polis- city and its surrounding countryside • Acropolis – high city with temples to the gods • Model of Athens

  11. The Greek Polis • Greek cities were designed to promote civic and commercial life Rebuilt Greek Marketplace (Agora)

  12. Greek Trade • Greece was dependent on trade for grain due to limited arable (farmable) land • Trade spread Greek culture

  13. Greek Money • Increased trade led to a switch from barter to a money economy

  14. Greek Colonies • Greeks set up colonies around the Mediterranean due to overpopulation and the search for arable (farmable) land.

  15. Greek Mythology • Polytheistic Religion • Explained natural phenomena, life events and human qualities

  16. Greek Gods and Goddesses • Serve as symbols in and images in Western literature, art, monumental architecture, and politics

  17. Zeus and Hera Chief God God of Thunder Wife of Zeus Goddess of Marriage

  18. Apollo and Artemis • Twins God of the sun, light, logic, and music Goddess of the moon, hunting, and wild things

  19. Athena and Aphrodite Goddess of Love Goddess of War and Wisdom

  20. Athens • Developed the world’s first (limited) democracy

  21. Stages of Athenian Government Monarchy Aristocracy Rule by one person, a king or queen Rule by a small group of wealthyland owners

  22. Stages of Government Tyranny Democracy Rule by one person, a tyrant, who seizes power Rule by the people

  23. Tyrants Draco and Solon • Seizedpower • Made laws and worked for reforms which led to democracy

  24. Draco • The first Greek legal code • Jury system • Harsh laws – most crimes punishable by death • Began debt slavery

  25. Solon • Allowed all citizens to debate in the assembly • Allowed all citizens access to court system • Outlawed debt slavery

  26. Citizens • Free adult males (one-fifth of the population) • Women, foreigners, and slaves had no political rights

  27. Slaves • 1/3 of the people living in Athens were slaves • The labor of slaves gave many citizens time to participate in government. Slave girl dancing to entertain guests

  28. Duties of the Citizen • Citizens of Athens were expected to participate in government

  29. Public Debatein Athens • Citizens debated laws before voting on them • Citizens were expected to skilled public speakers

  30. Direct Democracy • Ordinary citizens were able to vote on all laws and other major decisions and their votes are counted directly

  31. Sparta • Located on the Island of Peloponnessus • Conquered nearby city-state and forced the people to work for the state

  32. Social Structure 1. Ruling families who owned the land 2. Free non-citizens (artisans and merchants) 3. Helots – peasants; little more than slaves.

  33. Spartan Government Oligarchy • Oligarchy: Government ruled by a few powerful people • Council of Elders • 5 elected ephors • Assembly of citizens • Council of Elders

  34. Spartan Society • Militaristic and aggressive • Valued duty, strength, and discipline

  35. Persian Wars • Greece vs. Persian Empire • 499 – 449 BC

  36. Persian Wars • The Persian Wars united Athens and Sparta against the mighty Persian Empire

  37. Battle at Marathon • Though heavily outnumbered, Greeks defeated the Persians • Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell Athenians not to give up their city

  38. Victory at Salamis • Athenian ships trapped and rammed the Persian fleet in this narrow strait.

  39. Results of the Persian Wars • Greece wins and preserves its independence • Athens experiences a Golden Age and continues innovations in government and culture.

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