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REVIEW

REVIEW. PREHISTORY AND ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY SYSTEMS. GEOGRAPHY. The term Big Geography draws attention to the global nature of world history . Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated. Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings.

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REVIEW

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  1. REVIEW PREHISTORY AND ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY SYSTEMS

  2. GEOGRAPHY • The term Big Geography draws attention to the global nature of world history. • Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated. • Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings

  3. PALEOLITHIC • Socially Paleolithic groups were: • Humans also developed varied and sophisticated technologies. • Religiously Paleolithic bands were: • Economic structures focused

  4. NEOLITHIC AGE • In response to warming climates at the end of the last Ice Age, from about 10,000 years ago: • Settled agriculture appeared • The switch to agriculture created: • Agriculturalists had a massive impact on the environment through: • Populations increased; family groups gave way to • Patriarchy and forced labor systems • Elites concentrated power over

  5. NEOLITHIC AGE • The Neolithic Revolution led to the development of new and more complex economic and social systems. • Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands • Agriculture emerged at different times in • Pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable • Surpluses of food and other goods led to • Technological innovations led to improvements in • In both pastoralist and agrarian societies, elite groups

  6. PASTORALISM • Pastoralism emerged • Pastoral peoples domesticated • Pastoralists tended to be more socially • Because pastoralists were mobile, they • The pastoralists’ mobility allowed them to become an important conduit for

  7. ANCIENT PERIOD • From about 5,000 years ago, • The term civilization is normally used to designate • While there were many differences between civilizations, they also shared important features. • As populations grew, competition for surplus resources • The accumulation of wealth in settled communities spurred

  8. ANCIENT POLITICAL SYSTEMS • Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and environmental settings where agriculture flourished. • The first states emerged within core civilizations. • Early states were often led by a ruler whose source of power was believed to be • Early regions of state expansion or empire building • Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of new

  9. ANCIENT CULTURES • Culture played a significant role in unifying states through… • Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban planning • Elites, both political and religious, promoted • Systems of record keeping • Literature was also a reflection of culture • New religious beliefs developed in this period continued to have strong influences in later periods. • Trade expanded throughout this period • Social and gender hierarchies

  10. ESSAYS

  11. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS • Compare and contrast any two of these cultures: • The Neolithic Revolutions • Early civilization • Pastoral nomadism • Shifting agriculture • Compare societies and cultures that include cities with pastoral and nomadic societies.

  12. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS • Compare major religions and philosophical systems including similarities in cementing a social hierarchy, e.g. Hinduism contrasted with Confucianism. • Compare the role of women in different belief - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Confucianism • Compare and contrast the rise, development and spread of Buddhism and early Christianity.

  13. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS • Compare the caste system to other systems of social inequality devised by ancient and Classical civilizations, including slavery

  14. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS • Compare the political and social structures of two early civilizations using any two of the following: • Mesopotamia (Sumer through Persia) • Egypt (Old Kingdom through New Empire) • Indus Valley (Harappan to Aryan) • Shang Dynasty • Mesoamerica (Olmecs, Mayans, Toltecs) • Andean South America (Moche, Chan Chan)

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