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Derek Heeren, M.S., Research Engineer Co-Authors: Ron Miller, Dr. Garey Fox, Dr. Dan Storm,

OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. Impact of Preferential Flow Paths on Stream and Alluvial Groundwater Interaction. Derek Heeren, M.S., Research Engineer Co-Authors: Ron Miller, Dr. Garey Fox, Dr. Dan Storm, Amanda Fox, Aaron Mittelstet.

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Derek Heeren, M.S., Research Engineer Co-Authors: Ron Miller, Dr. Garey Fox, Dr. Dan Storm,

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  1. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Impact of Preferential Flow Paths on Stream and Alluvial Groundwater Interaction Derek Heeren, M.S., Research Engineer Co-Authors: Ron Miller, Dr. Garey Fox, Dr. Dan Storm, Amanda Fox, Aaron Mittelstet ASCE EWRI Conference, May 18, 2010

  2. Introduction Interaction between streams and aquifers commonly idealized as homogeneous Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Source: Winter et al., 1998, USGS Circular 1139 • However, heterogeneity may have significant impact on contaminant transport

  3. Research Objective: Investigate the impact of PFPs on interaction between streams and alluvial groundwater and P transport Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Primary Findings: • Interaction is not uniform • Large-scale transient storage zones • Transport of a highly sorbing contaminant

  4. Alluvial floodplains sites: Ozark Ecoregion Northeastern Oklahoma Cherty soils - high infiltration rates Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Field Sites Honey Creek gravel bar Barren Fork streambank showing gravel layer underneath topsoil Alluvial subsoil material obtained from site

  5. Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Honey Creek: orchard, hay, & riparian forest Barren Fork: hay field Barren Fork: 6-yr flood

  6. Geophysical Mapping: Well Locations Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • AGI SuperSting (ERI) • High Precision • Time intensive, stationary imaging • Variable electrode spacing • Geometrics OhmMapper • Lower precision • High volume, mobile imaging • ~40 m instrument length

  7. Geophysical Mapping – Barren Fork Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • Patterns suggest old channels with buried gravel bars

  8. Geophysical Mapping – Honey Creek Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • Intermittent patterns of low and high resistivity

  9. Observation Well Networks Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • Honey Creek Site: • Barren Fork Site: • Each observation well instrumented with a data logger: • Water level and temperature data every 5 minutes

  10. Non-zero divergence: heterogeneity Change in direction: transient storage Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Direction and Divergence

  11. Honey Creek Floodplain Site Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department USGS Streamflow Data:

  12. Barren Fork Floodplain Site Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department USGS Streamflow Data:

  13. Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Direction: Transient Storage

  14. Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Direction: Transient Storage

  15. Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Groundwater Flow Hypothesis

  16. Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Divergence: Aquifer Heterogeneity

  17. Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Divergence: Aquifer Heterogeneity

  18. P Sampling Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • Primarily during high flow events • Digested • Murphy-Riley • Total P

  19. P Concentrations Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Honey Creek March 22, 2010 – 6:00 PM

  20. P Concentrations Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Barren Fork September 10, 2009 – 10:00 PM

  21. Project Implications Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • Modeling: • Numerical groundwater models • heterogeneity and stream stage • Transient storage zone models • large-scale “hyporheic” flow paths • PFPs connected to stream: • Rapid transport of highly sorbing contaminant • Floodplain management: • May require higher level of stewardship than upland areas

  22. Future Work Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department • P leaching through topsoil • If significant, P would have a direct route through groundwater to stream • Riparian buffers would be bypassed

  23. Research Complication Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Have you seen my well?

  24. Acknowledge:Oklahoma Conservation Commission (EPA 319 grant)E-mail: derek.heeren@okstate.eduResearch Website: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/gareyf/AlluvialPTransport.htm Preferential Flow: Stream/Aquifer Interaction OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department

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