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2012 LLAKES conference  Lifelong learning, crisis and social change

Generational inequalities and inter-generational dynamics of lifelong learning John Field University of Stirling. 2012 LLAKES conference  Lifelong learning, crisis and social change. Active aging – a reality check. NALS 2010 Change since 2005 in size of gap with 20-29 cohort

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2012 LLAKES conference  Lifelong learning, crisis and social change

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  1. Generational inequalities and inter-generational dynamics of lifelong learningJohn FieldUniversity of Stirling 2012 LLAKES conference  Lifelong learning, crisis and social change

  2. Active aging – a reality check NALS 2010 Change since 2005 in size of gap with 20-29 cohort • 50 – 59: gap up 4% • 60 – 69: gap up 4% • 70 +: gap up 2%

  3. Active aging – a reality check NALS 2010 Change since 2005 in size of gap with 20-29 cohort • 50 – 59: gap up 7% • 60 – 69: gap up 15% • 70 +: gap up 13%

  4. Researching transitions • School-to-work (“The transition”) • Life stage theories • Life course theories • OECD ‘alternance’ • Undifferentiated ‘third age’

  5. Researching transitions • Focus on ‘front end’ • Linear • Unidirectional • Fixed • Uniform

  6. Researching transitions • Risk, reflexivity and liquid modernity • Destandardisation/restandardisation • Liminality • Resisting stereotyping and stigmatisation • Class, gender, ability and region

  7. Generations • Popular discourse • Family location • Cohort group

  8. Educational generations • A generation consists of a group of people born during the same time period and who are united by similar life experiences and a temporarily coherent cultural background. People belonging to the same generation have the same location in the historical dimension of the social process. Antikainen at al 1996

  9. Older adults’ life stories: before 1945 • Spatial anchoring (often destroyed) • Metaphor for ‘community’? • Gendered domains • Discipline and control • Cultural distance • ‘Common sense’ / ‘airy-fairy stuff’ • Contrasts with younger generations

  10. Older adults’ life stories: 1945-1960 • Spatial anchoring (usually) present • Discipline and control • ‘The lucky generation’ • Contested gender roles • Continuing school friendship networks • Awareness of HE expansion • Contrasts with parents’ generation

  11. Conclusions • Largely consistent with Finnish studies • Meanings of community • Broad generational orientations towards school and learning • Older adults vary by generation • Relations between (family) generation and (cohort) generation • Implications for learning in later life • Analyses based on cohort data vs panel data

  12. Conclusions • Inter-generational transmission has been widely discussed at family but not cohort level • Definitional problems are enormous (porous boundaries) • Generation is only one aspect of older adults’ experiences • Some aspects of ageing are common to all generations • Class, gender and ethnicity also affect members of a generation • Exiting the labour market remains the main determinant of participation

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