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GEOLOGY WASTE DISPOSAL

WASTE. Waste can be classified as eitherManaged (Controlled) WasteORUnmanaged (Uncontrolled) Waste. CONTROLLED WASTE. 1. Inert Wastee.g. builders' rubble2. Non-hazardous Wastee.g. wood

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GEOLOGY WASTE DISPOSAL

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    1. GEOLOGY & WASTE DISPOSAL

    2. WASTE Waste can be classified as either Managed (Controlled) Waste OR Unmanaged (Uncontrolled) Waste

    3. CONTROLLED WASTE 1. Inert Waste e.g. builders’ rubble 2. Non-hazardous Waste e.g. wood & paper 3. Difficult Waste e.g. batteries, car tyres 4. Hazardous Waste e.g. radioactive 5. Toxic Waste e.g. petrochemical 6. Clinical Waste e.g. syringes, needles

    4. UNCONTROLLED WASTE 1. Mine Spoil 2. Quarry Spoil 3. Agricultural Wastes

    5. Geology & Waste Disposal Nuclear Waste a) Radiation b) Sources of Nuclear Waste c) Types of Nuclear Waste d) Disposal Of Nuclear Waste Municipal Waste a) Sources of Waste b) Historical Landfills c) Modern Landfill Site Selection

    6. RADIATION & NUCLEAR WASTE

    7. IONISING RADIATION

    8. TYPES OF RADIATION

    9. RADIO-ISOTOPES

    10. RADIATION TERMS

    11. RADIATION TERMS

    12. RADIATION TERMS

    13. EFFECTS OF RADIATION

    14. BACKGROUND RADIATION Natural Sources Rocks Cosmic Rays 0.1 rem per year Man-Made Sources Colour TV Irradiated Foods Medical Diagnosis 0.2 rem per year

    15. SOURCES OF NUCLEAR WASTE

    16. NUCLEAR WASTE

    17. LOW LEVEL WASTE 1. General term for all radioactive wastes other than those produced from nuclear reactors. Low level wastes are derived from medical, research and industrial activities. 2. Contains very little radioactivity; often at a level below natural background. 3. Usually contains very little or zero percentage of alpha emitting radioisotopes. 4. Low risk to human health.

    18. HIGH LEVEL WASTE

    19. LOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL LIQUID LLW Ground Percolation Deep Well Injection Grout Injection SOLID LLW Sea Dumping Disposal Mined Cavity Shallow Land Burial

    20. HIGH LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGY Space Transmutation Partitioning Ice Sheet Emplacement GEOLOGY Sea Bed Disposal Very Deep Boreholes Deep Underground Melting Deep Mined Cavities

    21. MUNICIPAL WASTE DISPOSAL

    22. WHAT’S IN A LANDFILL ?

    23. SOURCES OF MUNICIPAL WASTE In 1992, in Britain, 137 million tonnes of controlled waste consisted of : 1. Household Waste - 20 million tonnes 2. Commercial Waste - 15 million tonnes 3. Industrial Waste - 32 million tonnes 4. Demolition/Construction - 69 million tonnes 5. Sewage Sludge - 1 million tonnes 90% to 95% was destined for landfill

    24. HISTORICAL LANDFILLS

    25. LANDFILLS - Environmental Impacts 1. Landfill Gas 2. Leachate 3. Litter 4. Odour 5. Dust 6. Site Security

    26. HISTORICAL LANDFILLS Leachate can contaminate surface water and groundwater including domestic water supplies.

    27. MODERN LANDFILLS Landfill sites can be of two types: 1. Total containment sites 2. Slow dispersal sites

    28. MODERN LANDFILL SITE SELECTION 1. Strategic Planning 2. Site Assessment 3. Environmental Impact Assessment

    29. MODERN LANDFILL SITE ASSESSMENT 1. Nature of Wastes 2. Topography and Structure 3. Bedrock and Surface Geology 4. Hydrogeological Regime

    30. NATURE OF WASTE Category 1 Hazardous Waste - high risk to groundwater Category 2 Domestic and Industrial Waste Category 3 Solid Inert Waste - no risk to groundwater

    31. GAS FLARE STACK

    32. CONCLUSION The Type Of Waste Dictates How We Dispose Of It The Geology Of An Area Dictates Where We Can Dispose Of It

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