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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. Unit 3 – Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 9 – The Endocrine System. The Endocrine System. A group of ductless glands that release hormones into the circulatory system Greatly effects growth and development

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System Unit 3 – Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 9 – The Endocrine System

  2. The Endocrine System • A group of ductless glands that release hormones into the circulatory system • Greatly effects growth and development • Animal must have proper levels of all nutrients, especially minerals, for proper functioning. • These hormones produce gradual change, instead of immediate change like the nervous system. • Football player: nervous system directs him to run and catch pass, endocrine system causes rate of growth. • Function is to work with nervous system in the internal control of the body. • This is accomplished by specific hormones secreted by specific glands.

  3. Hormones • Chemical substances that travel through the bloodstream and effect a gland or organ • They regulate many of the activities in the body by acting as messengers, relaying information. • Growth • Reproduction • Milk Production • Breathing Rate • Only needed in very minute amounts • 1/100,000,000 gram of oxytocin hormone will stimulate the almost immediate letdown on milk in female animals. • They are always in the blood in varying amounts.

  4. Glands • A cell or group of cells (tissue) that secretes fluids. • Hypothalamus is the portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, or master endocrine gland. • Also synthesizes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin for uterus contraction during birth.

  5. Principle Endocrine Glands • Pituitary Gland: Master endocrine gland, linked to hypothalamus with nerves and vessels • Creates amino acid hormones • Controls adrenal gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testis, mammary glands, stores hypothalamus hormones and secretes growth hormone. • Thyroid gland • Creates amino acid hormones • Secretes thyroxin to stimulate growth and metabolism and secretes calcitonin • Parathyroid gland secretes amino acid hormones and parathyroid hormone • Adrenal gland • Adrenal Medulla creates amino acid hormones and secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine • Adrenal Cortex creates steroid hormones and secretes glucocorticoid and aldosterone • Reproductive glands • Ovary: secretes steroid hormones – female sex hormones • Testis: secretes steroid hormones – male sex hormones

  6. Adrenaline • Inner portion of adrenal gland secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. • Fight or flight response • Hypothalamus relays impulses to nervous system, which stimulates adrenal glands to increase output of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. • These hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate • Increase efficiency of muscle contractions and blood sugar levels • Usually known as an “adrenaline rush.” Body prepares to face or flee the situation.

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