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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Energy & Life. Overview of Photosynthesis. Autotrophs. Plants and some other types of organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce chemical bond energy in (glucose). Autotrophs.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis Energy & Life

  2. Overview of Photosynthesis

  3. Autotrophs Plants and some other types of organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce chemical bond energy in (glucose).

  4. Autotrophs • Autotrophs include organismsthat make their own food • Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly Euglena

  5. Heterotrophs • Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food • Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy • Heterotrophs must consume food.

  6. Energy • Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical • Energy can be changed from one form to another • Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT

  7. ATP – Cellular Energy • Adenosine Triphosphate • Contains two, high-energy phosphate bonds • Also contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugar

  8. ADP • Adenosine Diphosphate • ATP releases energy, a free phosphate, & ADP when cells take energy from ATP One phosphate bond has been removed

  9. Sugar in ADP & ATP • Called ribose • Pentose sugar • Also found on RNA

  10. Importance of ATP Principal Compound Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms

  11. Releasing Energy From ATP • ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells • ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities • The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy

  12. Releasing Energy From ATP • Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP • Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP Loose Gain

  13. Cells Using Biochemical Energy Cells Use ATP For: • Active transport • Movement • Photosynthesis • Protein Synthesis • Cellular respiration • All other cellular reactions

  14. More on ATP • Cells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few Seconds • ATP must constantly be made • ATP Transfers Energy Very Well • ATP Is NOT Good At Energy Storage

  15. Glucose • Glucose is a monosaccharide • C6H12O6 • One Molecule of glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATP

  16. The Photosynthesis Equation

  17. Pigments • In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments • Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs • Chlorophyll is found inside the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplasts

  18. Photosynthesis SUN photons • Carbon dioxide (CO2) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H2O) to produce organic biomolecules (glucose). • 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  19. Chloroplast Mesophyll Cell Stoma Plants • Autotrophs – produce their own food (glucose) • Process called photosynthesis • Mainly occurs in the leaves: • a. stoma - pores • b. mesophyll cells

  20. Oxygen (O2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Guard Cell Guard Cell Stomata (stoma) Pores in a plant’s cuticle through which water and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere. Found on the underside of leaves

  21. Oxygen (O2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Guard Cell Guard Cell Stomata (stoma) Pores in a plant’s cuticle through which water and gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere. Found on the underside of leaves

  22. Light and Pigments • Energy From The Sun Enters Earth’s Biosphere As Photons • Photon = Light Energy Unit • Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths • Different Wavelengths Have Different Colors

  23. Light & Pigments • Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light • Photons of light “excite” electrons in the plant’s pigments • Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy which is eventually found in glucose.

  24. Chlorophyll • Found in all plants, Protist, & cyanobacteria • Makes photosynthesis possible

  25. The End

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