Hyper-V & Windows Server Backup

1. Hyper-V & Windows Server Backup IT:Network:Microsoft Server 2

2. Hyper-V

3. Server Virtualization • What is server virtualization? • The ability to run a full operating system on a software platform in such a way that the OS thinks it’s running on a real computer. This is known as hardware or server virtualization. • VMWareESXi • Microsoft Hyper-V

4. Server Virtualization • Why use virtualization? • Server power tends to grow faster then the resource need of applications • Servers may sit idle with little CPU usage and gigabytes of RAM available. • Consolidate servers on the same hardware • Reduce power needs • Reduce square-footage/rack space

5. Server Virtualization • How does this work? • Two OS’s cannot use the same software at the same time…technically. • One has to be in charge or resource allocations. This OS is called the “host” OS. • The “guest” OS will need access to the hardware through a form of emulation. • Some systems can emulate CPU’s other than their own.

6. Server Virtualization • How does this work? • Modern dedicated virtualization systems such as Hyper-V and VMWareESXi use system resources as efficiently as possible. • They use real memory and the CPU directly executes the code of the VM. • Emulation where existing hardware behavior needs to be simulated costs performance but sometimes cannot be avoided. • Hyper-V tries to avoid the simulation by using its own driver architecture for each type of device.

7. Server Virtualization • What use is Server Virtualization? • Testing—this is where it started. Admins and consultants could not afford to dedicate hardware for a test environment. • Quickly add/remove VM’s as needed • Network in a box

8. Hyper-V Hardware requirements • Hyper-V requires specific hardware. To install and use the Hyper-V role, you will need the following: • An x64-based processor.

9. Hyper-V Hardware requirements • Hardware-assisted virtualization. This is available in processors that include a virtualization option—specifically processors with Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) technology. • Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP) must be available and enabled.

10. Hyper-V • Host System

11. Hyper-V • Key stroke functions

12. Hyper-V • Hyper-Visor • A core component of Hyper-V, Windows hypervisor is a thin layer of software between the hardware and the OS that allows multiple operating systems to run, unmodified, on a host computer at the same time. • It provides simple partitioning functionality and is responsible for maintaining strong isolation between partitions. • It has an inherently secure architecture with minimal attack surface, as it does not contain any third-party device drivers.

13. Windows Server Backup • Business continuity • Data redundancy • Backup and Restoring Windows Server • Limitations • Full Server Backups/Restores • Recovering System State • Backing Up and Restoring Files and Folders • Backing Up and Restoring Active Directory

14. Business Continuity • Business continuity—the activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business functions will be available to customers, suppliers, regulators, and other entities as required 24 hours a day to those functions.

15. Business Continuity • Methods used to maintain business continuity may include but is not limited to: • Creating a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) • Data backups • Server clustering • Off-site backups • Using Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) • Implementing alternative power sources.

16. Data Redundancy • Data redundancy—a property of some disk arrays (most commonly in RAID systems) which provides fault tolerance, so that all or part of the data stored in the array can be recovered in the case of disk failure. • RAID 1—Mirrored disk drives. • RAID 5—Data striping with parity • fault tolerance —the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.

17. Full Server Backups/Restores • Full server backups are the easiest to perform and one of the best types for recovery • Full server backup includes(QUIZ): • All local volumes • Critical volumes • System state • You can recover individual files/folders • Can perform “bare-metal” recovery

18. Recovering System State • What is system state?

19. Backing up and Restoring Active Directory • AD is backed up as a part of the system state backup on a DC • Backing up AD depends on the frequency of changes that occur in your AD • An AD System state backups up (as mentioned earlier): • NTDS.DIT • AD certificate services DB • SYSVOL

20. Backing up and Restoring Active Directory Limitations • Microsoft recommends using a dedicated internal disk or external • Must have administrator credentials • Backup operators do not maintain these privileges • Will only back up AD integrated DNS zones, but not file-based DNS zones

21. Backing up and Restoring Active Directory Recovering Active Directory Objects • AD has always had a method to recover objects that have been deleted for a short time • 2008 R2 now has the AD Recycle bin • Prior to the AD Recycle Bin, the object that was deleted was “tombstoned” and then permanently deleted when expired • AD Recycle Bin must be enabled

22. Backing up and Restoring Active Directory Enabling AD Recycle Bin • Prerequisites • All DC’s must be 2008 R2 • Adprep /forestprep—on the schema master DC • Adprep /domainprep—on the infrastructure master DC • Function level must be 2008 R2

23. Backing up and Restoring Active Directory Enabling AD Recycle Bin • PowerShell • Enable-ADOoptionalFeature –Identity “cn=recycle bin feature, cn=optional features, cn=directory service, cn=Windows NT, cn=configuration,DC=mydomain,DC=local” –Scope Forestorconfigurationset –Target mydomain.local

24. Backing up and Restoring Active Directory Backing up AD • Perform a system state backup on the DC Restoring AD • Must boot and hit the F8 key (safe mode) and use the Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM) • Boots into a “safe mode” of the OS and you can perform your restore through WSB

25. Third Party Solutions • http://www.symantec.com/business/backup-exec-for-windows-servers • http://www.shadowprotect.com/ • http://www.carbonite.com

26. Questions?