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Alexander the Great 5-3

Explore the conquests of Alexander the Great and the rise and fall of the Macedonian Empire, from their attacks on Greece and the unification of the Greek city-states to the empire's eventual fragmentation and the spread of Greek ideas throughout the Mediterranean.

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Alexander the Great 5-3

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  1. Alexander the Great5-3

  2. Macedonia Attacks Greece • Macedonia lies North of Greece.

  3. Macedonia Attacks Greece • They raised sheep and horses and grew crops in their valleys

  4. Macedonia Attacks Greece • In 359 BC Phillip II rose to the throne in Macedonia • Phillip II lived in Greece as a young man and admired everything about the Greeks.

  5. Macedonia Attacks Greece • Phillip wanted to defeat the Persians and he needed to unite the Greek city-states with his kingdom to achieve this goal.

  6. Macedonia Attacks Greece • Phillip took over the Greek City-States one by one, some by force some through bribery, some united voluntarily.

  7. Warning of Demosthenes • As Phillip II became more powerful he took part the political affairs of Greece. • Demosthenes, a lawyer, warned that Phillip would eventually be a threat to Greece.

  8. Warning of Demosthenes • Demosthenes gave several speeches warning Athens the Macedonians would be threat to their freedom. • He urged Athens and other Greek States to unite and fight the Macedonians.

  9. Macedonia Attacks Greece • By the time the Greeks saw the Danger it was too late. • The Peloponnesian War left the Greeks weak and divided • Some Greeks left Greece and joined the Persian Army.

  10. Macedonia Attacks Greece • Some who stayed behind fought among themselves making them even weaker. • In 338 BC The Macedonians crushed the Greek allies at the battle of Chaeronea. • Phillip now controlled Greece.

  11. Alexander builds an Empire • Phillip planned to conquer the Persians, but before he could do it he was murdered. • This left the throne to his son Alexander at the age of 20. • Alexander often went to battles with his father.

  12. Alexander builds an Empire • At age 16 Alexander was in charge of the Macedonian Army. • Alexander was ready to fulfill his father dreams.

  13. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests • 334 BC Invaded Asia Minor with 37,000 soldiers and destroyed part of the Persian army at the Battle of Granicus.

  14. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests • 332 BC Alexander captured Syria and Egypt and built the city of Alexandria in Egypt as a center of business & trade.

  15. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests • 331 BC Alexander went East and conquered Persians at Gaugemela near Babylon. After Gaugemela Alexander easily conquered the rest of the Persian Empire.

  16. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests. • From 331 BC to 328 BC his conquests would go as far as modern day Pakistan.

  17. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests • In 326 BC Alexander crossed the Indus River and into India. • Alexander fought several bloody battles. • Too weary his soldiers refused to fight any longer and Alexander lead them home.

  18. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests • On the return march Alexander’s army crossed a desert in Southern Iran with heat and thirst killing thousands of soldiers.

  19. Alexander builds an Empire • Conquests • In 323 BC, Alexander returned to Babylon to plan an invasion of Southern Arabia, but was very tired from wounds and weakness. • After coming down with a fever he was dead at the age of 32.

  20. Alexander’s Legacy • Legacy- What a person leaves behind after he or she dies • He was a great military leader • Often rode into battle ahead of his men

  21. Alexander’s Legacy • Was inspirational to his soldiers in going into unknown lands • Key to his courage was his education. • Alexander kept a copy of the ILLIAD with him • He extended Greek rule over a vast area.

  22. Alexander’s Legacy • Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era • Hellenistic Era- Refers to a time when Greek ideas & language spread to non-Greek people of Southwest Asia. QUIZ TO HERE

  23. Empire Breaks Apart • Alexander planned to unite Greeks, Macedonians and Persians in his new Empire. • He encouraged his soldiers to marry Asian women

  24. Empire Breaks Apart (5-3A) • After Alexander’s death, his generals fought amongst one another for controlling power. • The Kingdom fell apart into four separate kingdoms; • Macedonia, Pergamum, Egypt and the Seleucid Empire.

  25. Empire Breaks Apart • In the 4 different kingdoms, government business was conducted in Greek. • By 100 BC the largest city in the Med was Alexandria. • All the cities in the Med needed Greek speaking people to spread Greek ideas throughout the Med.

  26. Empire Breaks Apart

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