American Pandemic: The Great Depression 1927-1933

1. CHAPTER 24 The Great Depression 1927 – 1933 “. . . the one supreme objective for the future in one word: Security . . . means not only physical security which provides safety from attacks by aggressors. . . [includes] economic security, social security. . . . essential to peace is a decent standard of living for all individual men and women and children in all nations. Freedom from fear is eternally linked with freedom from want.” Franklin D. Roosevelt

2. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Election of 1928

3. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Election of 1932

4. Chapter Review • Describe the presidential election of 1928, and briefly outline the strengths and weaknesses of candidates Herbert Hoover and Al Smith. • Provide some of the reasons for the stock market crash of 1929. • Explain the onset of the Great Depression and explain some of Hoover’s efforts to fight it. • Briefly describe the effects of the worldwide depression in the 1930s on American foreign policy. • Explain in general terms why the Democratic party was successful in capturing the presidency in 1932.

5. Identifications • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Al Smith [defeated by Hoover in 1928] • Stock market crash of 1929 • Black Thursday • Hoovervilles • Good Neighbor Policy • Brain Trust [“Red” Rexford Tugwell] [new Constitution • Bonus Army • Scottsboro Boys • Twentieth Amendment

6. I. The Election of 1928 • Herbert Hoover campaigns as self-made man • Alfred Smith loses, mostly because of his Catholicism and anti-Prohibition stance • Hoover wins landslide victory, in part due to prosperity of country

7. II. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 • Crash of October 1929 shocks Americans and creates financial crisis • Crash has several causes, including “margin” trading and lack of government control • More Americans have been investing, often without knowledge, and many are hurt

8. III. The Great Depression • Problems include unequal distribution of wealth, poor agriculture, and European loans • With no government programs in place, Congress attempts a few things but has little success • Depression becomes worldwide

9. IV. Hoover’s Programs to Fight the Depression • Unemployed face discrimination and farmers become desperate • Homelessness and dissatisfaction with government increase • Movies and music offer small amount of comfort

10. Mexican Population in the United States, 1930

11. V. A Darkening World • League of Nations appears helpless when Japan invades Manchuria • Americans seem not to notice as Hitler and Mussolini become more menacing in Europe

12. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Japanese Invasion of Manchuria

13. VI. A Political Opportunity for the Democrats • Democrats see their chance as economy slides, and Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes their presidential candidate • FDR pledges “new deal” for Americans, and Hoover’s chances dim further after the Bonus March • FDR defeats Hoover, but America looks forward to inauguration day with little sense of rejoicing