Ticket out the Door

1. Ticket out the Door • Salt water has a pH between 7.5-8.4 is this considered an acid, base or neutral substance? 2. Sally has been exercising in excess and there is a increase of lactic acid in her blood which is causing a decrease in pH. How will the buffers found in Sally’s blood respond? • True or False – If you answer false correct the statement to make it true. Buffers can only regulate a pH below 7 on the pH scale.

3. Entry 18 2/20 Answer in complete sentences • Salt water has a pH between 7.5-8.4 is this considered an acid, base or neutral substance? 2. Sally has been exercising in excess and there is a increase of lactic acid in her blood which is causing a decrease in pH. How will the buffers found in Sally’s blood respond? • True or False – If you answer false correct the statement to make it true. Buffers can only regulate a pH below 7 on the pH scale.

4. Ticket IN the door • Log on to the following Google form http://goo.gl/ffGOEk • Extra Credit – due by next Friday http://goo.gl/HIBfhZ

5. Entry 16 2/27 • Explain why water is essential for life and why it is a great solvent for chemical reactions • Explain how energy is stored and accessed.

6. Biochem intro video (honors) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itWLaLat8LU

7. BIOCHEMISTRY • Living organisms are made of atoms that bond together to make up molecules that form the basic units of life called cells. • The most important elements for living organisms can be abbreviated as CHNOPS, which stands for: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur

8. C • There are two types of molecules that make up living organisms, INORGANIC and ORGANIC. • Inorganic Molecules do NOT contain Carbon • Water is the most important inorganic molecule • Organic Molecules contain Carbon with the presence of Hydrogen • (oxygen may or may not be present) • All life is carbon-based and there are four important organic macromolecules needed to build cells:Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids C

9. The “Core Four” Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic Acids • Proteins

10. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids are all large molecules (Macromolecules or polymers) that are made of smaller repeating units called monomers(aka subunits). • Your body needs these molecules to perform functions. Your source of these is the food you eat. It is possible to use chemistry to perform indicator tests to see if these macromolecules are found in a sample.

11. Made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Subunits: Monosaccharides (sugars) • Glucose (C6H12O6)is an example of a monosaccharide that is a quick energy source for your cells.

12. Carbohydrates provide ENERGY through Cellular Respiration

13. Functions of carbohydrates • Short-term energy source for all organisms through cellular respiration • Storage of energy • Plants store extra sugars in a carbohydrate called starch • Animals store extra sugars in the liver in a carbohydrate called glycogen. • Structural support • Plants have a carbohydrate called cellulose in their cell wall that keeps the plant cell stems and stalks rigid. • Carbohydrates attach to the surface of cell membranes and act as name tags for cell recognition

14. Examples of carbohydrates • Starch (plants) • Glycogen (animals) • Cellulose

15. Chemical Indicator Tests for Carbohydrates • Benedict’s is a chemical that indicates glucose is present by turning from blue to orange if boiled. • Iodine is a chemical that indicates if starch is presentby turning from yellow/orange to blue/black.

16. Lipids or Fats and oils • Made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Subunit/Monomer: Glycerol and three fatty acids

17. Functions of Lipids • Long-term energy • Insulation and protection • Make up the cell membrane • Phospholipids are the lipids found in the cell membrane that surrounds all cells

18. Chemical Indicator for Lipids • The indicator for lipids is a brown paper bag. Lipids get absorbed and leave a transparent spot.

19. Ticket out the Door • Decide whether the following compounds are considered organic or inorganic. a. H2O b. C12H24O12 • What is the monomer (Subunit) of a carbohydrate • A plants cell wall is made up of this polysaccharide (big carb)… • What is the function of a carbohydrate • List two functions of a Lipid.

20. Ticket out the Door • Decide whether the following compounds are considered organic or inorganic. a. H2O b. C12H24O12 • What is the monomer of a carbohydrate • Excess carbohydrates are stored as ______ in animals. • Excess carbohydrates are stored as ______ in plants. • List two functions of a Lipid.

21. Entry 17 2/28 • In your journal create a T-Chart GREEN BEANS vs POTATO

22. Entry 17 2/28 • Which is a Carbohydrate or are both Carbohydrates? • Which has More Cellulose (Fiber)? • Which would be best if you need to keep up energy level? • Which would be best if you are dieting? • Why does the body need both?

23. Which is a Carbohydrate or both • Green Beans = Fruit = Fructose (simple sugar) • Potato = Modified Root (Storage system) = Starch • Which has More Cellulose = Green Beans • Cellulose equals fiber which exercises the digestive tract and keeps it clean and healthy = We can’t digest Cellulose • Which would be best if you need to keep up energy level? • Which would be best if you are dieting? • Why does the body need both

25. Nucleic Acids • Made of the elements Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous (CHNOP) • Subunit/Monomer: Nucleotides • Each nucleotide contains three parts: a sugar, phosphate and one of four nitrogen bases • Nucleotides store information in their nitrogen base sequence. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAL235Lwp0

26. Examples of Nucleic acids • Deoxyribonucleic acid (aka DNA) is a double strand of nucleotides that carries the code for cells to make their needed molecules like proteins. DNA determines our TRAITS • Ribonucleic acid (aka RNA) is a single strand of nucleotides that performs different jobs to help DNA make proteins.

27. Made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulfur (CHNOPS) • Subunit/Monomer: amino acid • 20 different types • Amino acids can be rearranged in different sequences to create millions of proteins that make up the structures and functions of living organisms.

29. A protein’s shape is important to the job it performs. There are 6 important jobs. • Structure – like hair, nails, muscle • Communication – like the hormone insulin (reduces blood sugar) • Immune protection – like antibodies • Absorb light – like melanin(skin) and chlorophyll(plants) • Transport – like hemoglobin in your blood to transport oxygen • Enzymes – special proteins that break down and build things for living organisms. Ex. lactase breaks down the sugar found in milk

30. Chemical Indicator for Protein • Biuret indicates if protein is present by turning from blue to purple.

31. These four macromolecules are found in EVERY living thing on Earth and are needed to maintain homeostasis and regulate their cell processes. They are essential to life. Summary:

32. Ticket out the Door • What are the three substances that make up a nucleotide? • List one function of Nucleic Acids. • What is the monomer of a protein? • The protein hemoglobin is a major component of a red blood cell and transports O2 throughout the body. If the shape of hemoglobin were to change what type of consequences would this cause?

33. Ticket IN the Door • What are the three substances that make up a nucleotide? • List one function of Nucleic Acids. • What is the monomer of a protein? • The protein hemoglobin is a major component of a red blood cell and transports O2 throughout the body. If the shape of hemoglobin were to change what type of consequences would this cause?

34. Ticket IN the door • What is the monomer of a carbohydrate • Excess carbohydrates are stored as ______ in animals. • Excess carbohydrates are stored as ______ in plants. • List two functions of a Lipid. • List one function of Nucleic Acids. • What is the monomer of a protein? • The protein hemoglobin is a major component of a red blood cell and transports O2 throughout the body. If the shape of hemoglobin were to change what type of consequences would this cause?

35. Biochem Case Studies • 2ndBlock - http://bit.ly/1704Q4l • 3rdBlock - http://bit.ly/1fCj4fr • 4th Block - http://bit.ly/18W6VAP

36. Biochem Case Studies Roles • Researchers – 2 people • Recorder – 1 person records in Google Form • Presenter – 1 person records on paper and presents to the class

37. TICKET IN THE DOOR http://goo.gl/A35Ut6

38. Entry 183/3 • Complete the table

39. Enzymes are proteins that regulate chemical reactions in the body by acting as biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions) . Without enzymes living organisms could not survive. • The molecule that comes together with the enzyme is called the substrate(s) • The active site is the place on the enzyme shaped specifically for only one substrate • The products are released from the enzyme once it has completed the reaction

40. Enzymes can break down one substrate into two products (decompostition/digestion) OR join to substrates together to create one product (synthesis)

41. Characteristics of Enzymes: • Organic catalysts (speed up chemical reactions) • Specific(their shape determines their job) • Reusable (the enzyme stays the same throughout the entire chemical reaction) • Able to lower the amount of energy needed for chemical reactions (activation energy) Mr. Wanamaker's Enzyme Animation

42. Have optimal (ideal) conditions under which they work best. Changes in pH, temperature, or salinity can cause the shape of the enzyme to change. This is called denaturing. If an enzyme shape changes, it can no longer fit together with its substrate.

44. Entry 193/4 • Redraw the picture below in your journal. Label the enzyme, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex. • Draw what the enzyme and substrate would look like after the reaction and label properly.

45. Clean up • Clean out test tubes and place in test tube rack • Clean graduated cylinder and put in basket • Clean plate and put in basket • Empty beaker and put in basket • Wipe down table • Complete lab and turn in up front

46. Progress Check – Unit 3 • Find papers in back of room • NAME on scantron • Staple packet of work together when finished (fold enzyme cut-n-paste in half and staple) • Work on Bio Apps 3.2when finished with progress check.

47. Entry 203/6 • Identify the indicator for the following molecules… • Starch • Protein • Glucose • Lipid Use your notes

48. Analogy review • You will need to complete the analogy by finding your counterparts… • Example: • Abiotic : Non-living :: Biotic : Living • Fill out the group handout • Then complete the individual handout and Paste under todays entry