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Cultural development. Pentti Hakkarainen Kajaani University Consortium. What develops?. Vygotsky: General structure of consciousness, the whole structure of the age (Personality, life, social existence) Leontiev: Personality, consciousness (Hierarchy of motives). Stages of development.
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Cultural development Pentti Hakkarainen Kajaani University Consortium
What develops? • Vygotsky: General structure of consciousness, the whole structure of the age (Personality, life, social existence) • Leontiev: Personality, consciousness (Hierarchy of motives)
Stages of development • Vygotsky: Basic neoformations as the main criterion/ Crises and stable ages • Leontiev: Leading activity • El’konin: Leading activity as the main criterion/ Stages and periods of development Crises connected to the development of motivation of the next leading activity
Vygotsky: Process • Central / Peripheral lines of development • Development of speech • Infancy - Peripheral status • Early childhood - Central • School age - Peripheral status
Vygotsky: Mechanism • Social situation of development at the beginning of each age: specific for each age • Relation between the child and social reality • Social relation = psychological function • Basic psychological law: From the psychological function between to individual function • Internal contradiction between neoformations and social situation of development e.g. neoformations of play
Transition between stages? • How the significance of the previous stage is transformed? • How the results of previous stage are utilized as the basis of the next stage? • How the significance of the next stage is found? • From play to learning: from the dominance of sense making to meaning making and realistic actions
Transitory activity system (TAS) • TAS is needed as a springboard between two leading activity systems • Why? A need cannot find an appropriate object without preliminary trials • A new sense making orientation as the basis of motivation is needed in every new social situation of development (Zaporochets) • Narrative learning is a necessary tool in transitions
Narrative learning • Transitory activity system between play and learning • Narrative frame + realistic problem solving • Children’s initiatives are supported by eliminating adult’s dominative teacher’s position