History of the Computer and Internet!

History of the Computer and Internet! By: Carly!

First programmable computer! • The Z1 was originally created by Germany’s Konrad Zuse in his parents living room in 1936 to 1938. It is considered to be the first electrical binary programmable computer.

Debugging?! OMG A MOTH! • The term debugging came from Grace M. Hopper when she found a moth in between pints at Relay #70, Panel F, of the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator while it was being test at Harvard University, on September 9, 1945. The operators affixed the moth to the computer log, with the entry: “First actual case of bug being found”. They said they had “debugged” the machine, which became the term “debugging a computer program”.

Where did the internet come from, you ask? • The Internet, then called the ARPANET, was officially brought online in 1969. This is what people consider the first version of internet. At first, it only connected four computers at universities in the southwest U.S. It connected computers at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, and the University of Utah. Other computers were added just a year later. These computers were added at Harvard, MIT, BBN, and Systems Development Corporation. One year later, additional computers were added from Stanford, additional labs at MIT, Carnegie-Mellon, and Case Western Reserve University. In the time that followed, more and more computers were added to the network. And nowadays almost every computer is connected by the internet.

Who invented the internet and why?! Holey Moley you ask a lot of questions!  • When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik the United States began to worry about falling behind in its technology. So the U.S. fored the Advanced Projects Agency, ARPA, in the Department of Defense. This agency was formed for the specific purpose of advancing technology and science in the country. In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed the idea of a global network of computers. This paper was called “On-Line Man Computer Communication,” and was co-published with Weldon Clark. Licklider was then hired by the Department of Defense for the purpose of creating an interconnection between the main computers at the Department. While attempting to create this interconnection, it became more and more apparent that an internetworking was needed as well.

Babbage’s Analytical Engine! • Charles Babbage, born in 1791, was an English Mathematician and professor teaching at the Royal Astronomy Society. He kept getting frustrated with the mathematical errors that came about unexpectedly during his work at the RAS. So Babbage found a new method to make calculating easier and more accurate. Babbage’s second invention was called the Difference Engine. But after ten years of putting effort into it he quit his machine and began to work on a better project, a general-purpose computer. His next project was his most important, the Analytical Engine. This machine revolutionized how people calculated. The Analytical Engine borrowed the idea to use punch codes to print calculating results. A punch code is sort of like Braille, using little dots as a code. Babbage’s Analytical Engine was used in hones, and was a better and more accurate was to calculate in the early stages of calculating.

Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine! Early Tabulating Machine • The tabulating machine was an electrical device designed to assist in summarizing information and, later, accounting. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. It spawned a larger class of devices known as unit record equipment and the data processing industry.

!!!ENIAC!!! • The ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was the first general-purpose, electronic computer. It was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army’s Ballistic Research Laboratory, but its first use was in calculations for the hydrogen bomb. ENIAC was built in the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Penn. Designed and built under the supervision of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

What is a Computer Program?! • A computer program, also a software program, is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program’s instructions in a central processor. The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions in a central processor.

FIRST MICROCOMPUTER!! • Ed Roberts, “father of the microcomputer”, designed the first microcomputer, the Altair 8800, in 1975. It was produced by Micro Instrumentations and Telemetry Systems (MITS).

Binary Numeral System! • The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, represents numeric values using two symbols, 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Owing to its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by all modern computers.

!Resources! • http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhollerith.htm • http://www.yourdictionary.com/answers/when/when-did-the-internet-start.html • http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm • http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-h/g-hoppr.htm • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.clarkeinternetmarketing.com/internet • http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h96000/h96566k.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_the_first_microcomputer • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_numeral_system

History of the Computer and Internet!