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Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21

This chapter covers the background, events, and impacts of revolutions in the Atlantic world from 1750 to 1850. Topics include the Enlightenment, American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, Congress of Vienna, and revolutions in 1848.

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Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21

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  1. Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850Chapter 21

  2. Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth Century Crisis

  3. Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises • European wars 1600s, 1700s • Dutch v Spanish/Portuguese • In America and Asia • British v. Dutch in 1600s and 1700s • Seven Years War (1756-1763) • Money issues • Where will it come from?

  4. The Enlightenment and the Old Order • Apply Scientific Revolution to _____. • John Locke • Reasonable people • Natural rights • Limited government • If government fails then……. • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Minimum control • Subordinate to community • Hatred for all forms of political and economic oppression

  5. Atheists and radicals • Voltaire • Monarchy • Patronized Enlightenment • Catherine the Great of Russia • Frederick the Great of Prussia • Women were instrumental • Enlightenment was popular to the ____ • America • Benjamin Franklin

  6. Folk Cultures and Popular Protest • Most Europeans did not.. • Protests in Europe • Taxes • Revolution and Riches

  7. The American Revolution, 1775-1800

  8. Frontiers and Taxes • After 1763 England had two problems: • Amerindian raids in PA and VA • Proclamation of 1763- • Quebec Act of 1774 • New Taxes • Stamp Act • Townshend Act • Boycotts • Protests • “Sons of Liberty”

  9. “Boston Massacre” 1770 • East Indian Company’s monopoly on ___ • Tea Tax • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • 1. • 2.

  10. The Course of Revolution1775-1783 • Continental Congress • Currency and army • G. Washington • Rhetoric of independence • Common Sense • Declaration of Independence • Patriots and Loyalists • Slaves • Amerindians

  11. Allies • France in 1778 • War ends in 1778 with victory in Yorktown, VA with Washington’s defeat of General Cornwallis • Treaty of Paris 1783

  12. The Construction of Republican Institutions, to 1800 • Articles of Confederation • Constitutional Convention 1787 • Minority vote

  13. The French Revolution

  14. The French Society and Fiscal Crisis • French society was divided into 3 groups: • First, Second, • and Third Estate • Bourgeoisie • Peasants, merchants, artisans • Taxes led to ____

  15. Protests Turns to Revolution, 1789-1792 • Meeting of Estates General • New taxes • National Assembly • Popular sovereignty • King called for the arrest of the National Assembly; As it set forth its position in the Declaration of the Rights of Man

  16. Parisian market women marched on Versailles and captured the king and his family. • The National Assembly passed a new _____ that limited the power of the monarchy and restructured French politics and society. • When Austria and Prussia threatened to intervene, the National Assembly declared war in 1791.

  17. The Terror, 1793-1794 • National Convention • Jacobins • “Mountain” faction • Maximillien Robespierre • Actions against clergy approved • Reign of Terror • Ended in 1794 with his arrest and execution

  18. Reaction and Dictatorship • The Directory • What signaled the end of the republican phase of the revolution? • Popular authoritarianism was confirmed with the reign of _________ in 1799.

  19. Napoleon's reform • Concordat of 1801 • Civil Code of 1804 • Emperor • Restriction • Women • Speech • Alliances defeat Napoleon in 1814

  20. Revolution Spreads, Conservatives Respond, 1789-1850

  21. The Haitian Revolution • Saint Dominque • Rich and brutal • Instability in France led to.. • Slave Rebellion in 1794 • Francois Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture • Independence 1804 • Economy

  22. The Congress of Vienna and Conservative Retrenchment, 1815-1820 • Congress of Vienna • Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria met in Vienna. • Goal: • Result: • “Holy Alliance” • Repress liberal and nationalist ideas • Spain and Italy

  23. Nationalism, Reform, and Revolution1821-1850 • Popular support for national _________ and ________ reform grew throughout Europe. • Greece • France • Democratic reform movements • U.S- War of 1812 • Britain- Corn Laws

  24. Revolutions in 1848 • France • Monarchy overthrown and replaced • Other revolutions in Europe failed

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