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Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

Class #36: Wednesday, April 8. Climate Types Past Climates. The 6 major climate groups. A: Tropical moist B: Dry (can be subtropical or mid latitude) C: Moist with mild winters (mid latitude) D: Moist with severe winters (mid latitude) E: Polar (high latitude)

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Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

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  1. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8 Climate Types Past Climates Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  2. The 6 major climate groups • A: Tropical moist • B: Dry (can be subtropical or mid latitude) • C: Moist with mild winters (mid latitude) • D: Moist with severe winters (mid latitude) • E: Polar (high latitude) • H: Highland (rapid climate change with elevation) • 2nd letter: usually latitude (except B) • 3rd letter: differences in temperature Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  3. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  4. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  5. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  6. Tropical Humid Climates: Af, Aw, Am • All tropical (A) climates are humid • Letter “f” means no dry season, rain year round, usually closest to the equator • Letter “m” means “monsoonal”, with a short dry season and a very rainy season • Letter “w” means “winter dry season” except no real winter in tropics, just cool Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  7. Tropical humid climates (continued) • Af • Closest to the equator • Smallest annual range of temperature • 6.9-10 inches of rain per month • Most thunderstorms in afternoon • Linked to ITCZ • Tropical rain forests • Am • Seasonal onshore winds during summer monsoon • Climates with most yearly precipitation • Jungle vegetation Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  8. Tropical moist climates (continued) • Aw • Farthest A climate from the equator • Often border Af • Tropical wet and dry • Wet summers, dry, cooler winters • Linked to the seasonal migration of the ITCZ • Vegetation is savannah or tropical grasslands with scattered deciduous trees, as in the grasslands of Africa. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  9. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  10. Dry (B) climates • Potential evaporation minus precipitation <0 • More land of this climate type than any other • Lubbock has a B climate • Descending branch of the Hadley circulation near the subtropical highs or • Rain shadow of a mountain range Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  11. Dry climate subtypes • 2nd letter • “S” for steppe or semi-arid (like Lubbock) • “W” for true desert (extremely dry) • 3rd letter • “h” for low-latitude, hot (yearly average temperature >= 64ºF) • “k” for mid latitude, cool (yearly average temperature <64ºF) Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  12. Dry climate subtypes (continued) • BWh Extremely dry and hot; can have large sand dunes; Sahara, Arabian peninsula, central Australia, most extreme B climate • BSk Least extreme B climate; midlatitude steppe, often high plateau, Lubbock, Denver, San Diego; often rain shadow • BSh Much of Mexico, lower latitude, subtropical steppe • BWk Central Asia, very dry, midlatitude rain shadow, continental interior Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  13. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  14. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  15. C Climate type • All C are moist, plentiful precipitation • All C are midlatitudes • Average temperature of coolest month between 27ºF and 65ºF • Have many subtypes; Chapter 14 concentrates on a few • 2nd letter like A subtypes • “f” no dry season • “w” brief dry period in winter Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  16. C Climate type (continued) • 3rd letter • “a” hot summer • “b” warm summer • “c” cool summer Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  17. C Climate subtypes • Cfb, Cfc Marine west coast • Northwest coast of US, Canada • Often cool ocean currents • Cfa, Cwa Humid subtropical • Southeastern US • 30-100 inches of rain per year • Csa, Csb Mediterranean • Along a coast, mild winter • Greece • Dry summer, semi-permanent subtropical high Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  18. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  19. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  20. Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  21. D Climate typeSevere (winter) Midlatitude • Similar to C but severely cold winter • Average temperature of coldest month <27ºF • Snow on ground for extended periods • Average temperature of warmest month >50ºF • Overall, large change in temperature with season Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  22. D climate subtypes • 2nd letter • “f” no dry season • “w” winter dry season • 3rd letter • “a” hot summer • “b” warm summer • “c” cool summer • “d” extremely severe winter Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

  23. D Climate Subtypes (continued) • Humid continental • Dfa, Dfb, Dwa, Dwb • Dfa, for example, Chicago • Subarctic • Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, Dwd • Long winter • Brief cool summer Class #36: Wednesday, April 8

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