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Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part I

Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part I. DEFINITIONS. What is epidemiology? What is an epidemiologist?.

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Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part I

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  1. Epidemiology and Public HealthIntroduction, Part I

  2. DEFINITIONS • What is epidemiology? • What is an epidemiologist?

  3. EPIDEMIOLOGY is the study of the nature, cause, control and determinants of the frequency and distribution of disease, disability, and death in human populations.Epidemiology:the study of factors influencing the occurence, transmission, distribution, prevention and control of disease in a defined population

  4. An EPIDEMIOLOGIST is a public health scientist, who is responsible for carrying out all useful and effective activities needed for successful epidemiology practice

  5. Methods of Epidemiology • Public Health Surveillance • Disease Investigation • Analytic Studies • Program Evaluation

  6. Terminology • Endemic • Hyperendemic • Holoendemic • Epidemic • Pandemic • Epizootic • Incidence • Prevalence Terms used for reference to various forms of outbreaks

  7. Endemic:a disease or pathogen present or usually prevalent in a given population or geographic region at all times Hyperendemic:equally endemicin all age groups of a population Holoendemic:endemicin most of the children in a population, with the adults in the same population being less often affected Epidemic:a disease occuring suddenly in numbers far exceeding those attributable to endemic disease; occuring suddenly in numbers clearly in access of normal expectancy Pandemic:a widespread epidemic distributed or occuring widely throughout a region, country, continent, or globally Epizootic:of, or related to a rapidly spreading and widely diffused disease affecting large numbers of animals in a given region

  8. Incidence:rate of occurrence of an event; number of new cases of disease occuring over a specified period of time; may be expressed per a known population size Prevalence:number of cases of disease occurring within a population at any one given point in time

  9. Terms Associated with Disease Causation, etc. • Host • Agent • Environment • Fomites • Vector • Carrier – active • Incubatory • Convalescent • Healthy • Intermittent Your Assignment: Define these terms

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