1 / 13

Lecture Fifteen

Lecture Fifteen. Introduction to categorical logic. Deductive or inductive?. 1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man. Therefore, 3. Socrates is mortal. 1. All meteorites found to this day have contained salt. 2. Therefore, probably the next meteorite to be found will contain salt.

donald
Download Presentation

Lecture Fifteen

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture Fifteen Introduction to categorical logic

  2. Deductive or inductive? 1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man. Therefore, 3. Socrates is mortal. 1. All meteorites found to this day have contained salt. 2. Therefore, probably the next meteorite to be found will contain salt.

  3. Valid or invalid? 1. All U.S. presidents have been male. 2. Abraham Lincoln was a U.S. president. Therefore, 3. Lincoln was male. 1. All Olympians are in good physical shape. 2. No person in good physical shape eats fast food consistently. Therefore, 3. No Olympian eats fast food consistently.

  4. Valid or invalid? 1. All A are B. 2. All B are C. Therefore, 3. All A are C. 1. All S are M. 2. No M are P. Therefore, 3. No S are P.

  5. Categorical propositions - examples All men are mortal. All members of the AMA are people holding degrees. No professional gymnasts are obese. Some Americans are overweight Some cats are not black.

  6. Category of things or persons Red Things that are red Nice Persons who are nice I Persons identical to me Soft Things that are soft

  7. Examples Some roses are red. Some roses are flowers that are red. All tigers are carnivorous. All tigers are animals that are carnivorous. Some college students will become educated. Some college students are people who will become educated.

  8. Examples George went home. All people identical to George are people who went home. The moon is full tonight. All things identical to the moon are things that are full tonight. I hate gin. All people identical to me are people who hate gin.

  9. Time and space He always wears a suit to work. All times he goes to work are times he wears a suit. She never brings her lunch to school. No times she goes to school are times she brings her lunch. Nowhere on earth are there any unicorns. No places on earth are places with unicorns.

  10. Nonstandard quantifiers Anyone who votes is a citizen. All voters are citizens. Not everyone who votes is Democratic. Some voters are not Democrats. All newborns are not able to talk. No newborns are people able to talk.

  11. Exclusive Propositions Only elected officials will attend the convention. All people who will attend the convention are elected officials. None but the brave deserve the fair. All people who deserve the fair are brave people. No bird except the peacocks are proud of their tales. All birds proud of their tails are peacocks.

  12. References Govier, Trudy. A Practical Study of Argument, 7th edition, Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, (2010). Hurley, Patrick.. A Concise Introduction to Logic, 11th edition, Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, (2012).

More Related