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CEREAL AND WINTER OILSEED RAPE TESTING WITHIN THE UK

Learn about plant variety registration, breeders' rights, and national listing procedures for cereals and oilseed rape in the UK. Discover how quality assurance and certification play a role in crop testing.

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CEREAL AND WINTER OILSEED RAPE TESTING WITHIN THE UK

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  1. CEREAL AND WINTER OILSEED RAPE TESTING WITHIN THE UK • Jennifer Wyatt • Head of Agricultural Crops Characterisation

  2. CEREAL AND WOSR TESTING IN THE UK • Introduction: NIAB’s role • Plant variety Registration • Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) • National Listing (NL) • DUS Testing • Cereals • Winter Oilseed Rape (WOSR) • Quality Assurance (Certification)

  3. CEREAL AND WOSR TESTING IN THE UK • DEFRA: (PVS) • Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs • PVS: Plant Varieties Rights Office and • Seeds Division • NLSC: National List Seeds Committee. Includes Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Involved in decision making • NIAB: • Independent body under contract to Defra

  4. NIAB

  5. AGRICULTURAL CROPS CHARACTERISATION MAIN ACTIVITIES • Variety evaluation (DUS) • Advice to Defra and seeds industry • Training • Seed quality (Certification)

  6. PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION AGRICULTURAL CROPS • Essential for a successful seeds industry • Establishes variety ownership • Consumer protection • EU Directives

  7. PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION AGRICULTURAL CROPS • Variety registration part of National Listing(NL) • National Listing (NL) Seeds (National List of Varieties) Regulation (2001/3510) • Distinctness, Uniformity & Stability (DUS) • Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) • Statutory system required by EU Directives • Eligible Plant Breeders Rights (PBR)

  8. PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATIONAGRICULTURAL CROPS • A new variety must be: • Distinct • Uniform • Stable (DUS) : • Offer clear improvement (VCU) To qualify: • National Listing (NL) Eligible • Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBR) • DUS serves dual function: NL and PBR

  9. PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION PLANT BREEDERS RIGHTS • Encourages development of new varieties • Grants breeders exclusive rightsto authorise and control (licence) multiplication and sale of reproductive material. • Essential to breeder that successful variety has PBR • PBR licence includes paying of royalties (BSPB) • Scheme for PBR administered by Defra, PVS • (in line with UPOV system)

  10. PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION UK NL OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS • Variety entered for DUS testing • Final summary report by NIAB to Defra, • Recommendation only by NIAB: pass/fail • Final decision NLSC: pass/ fail • Pass: Variety NL

  11. PLANT BREEDERS RIGHTSUK Varieties entered for UK PBR : 1997/98 2002/03 2007/08 Winter wheat 34 244 Spring wheat 3 1 0 Winter barley 28 28 5 Spring barley 27 21 15 Winter oats 3 2 0 Spring oats 3 2 0 Winter oilseed rape 33 31 7 Reduction in numbers: Application directly to CPVO (buy in UK test report) Rights transferred directly to CPVO

  12. CEREAL DUS TESTING Year 1 & Year 2 cereal candidates undergoing test 2007/2008

  13. WOSR DUS TESTING Numbers of varieties in trial 2007/08 Year 1 62 Year 2 and subsequent years 48 Reference samples 493 from variety collection

  14. PROTOCOLS USED IN UK DECISION MAKING PROTOCOLS IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE UPOV Guidelines National list and Seeds Committee CPVO Technical protocols UK Crop Protocols DUS Technical Team (Examination Offices) Cereals: CPVO TP/3/3,TP/19/2, TP/20/1 Rape : CPVO TP/36/1

  15. THE UK DUS TESTING SYSTEM • Characteristics recorded according to species and Technical Protocol (CPVO TP) • After two years data are analysed statistically (either by T test, weightings or COYD) • Candidate variety is recommended as distinct or non-distinct • Uniformity must meet standards • Official description produced approval

  16. DUS CEREAL TESTING • 2- year recording plots in field • Most characters recorded 1-9 score • Production of variety descriptions (= legal “definition” of variety, used in certification) • Comparison with other varieties in variety collection • Authentication of DUS submission against VCU submission

  17. DUS CEREAL TESTINGVARIETY COLLECTION • Central database holds descriptions for variety collection • Includes: • All varieties on UK National List • All varieties marketed in the UK • All varieties marketed in neighbouring countries • Countries with a similar climate/geography agricultural system

  18. DUS CEREAL TESTING Reference samples from variety collection: Barley 18 Wheat 22 Oats 12 Used as a control for those characteristics which may be variable e.g ear emergence

  19. DUS CEREAL TESTING Year 1 100 ear rows in plots 1.6m long x 1.6m wide. three rows 2 x 3 rows x 9m long

  20. DUS CEREAL TESTING Dried material Density 1 3 5 7 9

  21. DUS CEREAL TESTINGNIAB STAFFING Defra : FULL COST RECOVERY FROM BREEDERS Total ear rows 2007/08 = 13,500 Total plots 2007/08 = 444 Manager : overall responsibility for delivery of reports to Defra, major variety issues Specialists : One full time, two full time: • Drill planning of ear rows and plots • Recording for ‘U’ • Assessment of ‘D’ • Advice to breeders • Preparation of summary results for Defra .

  22. DUS CEREAL TESTINGSTANDARDS Year 1 Ear rows : Population approx.2000 plants Population standard =1% Acceptance probability =95% Equivalent to a maximum: 3/100 variant ear rows Not more than 5 variant plants Plots: 5/2000 single variant plants

  23. DUS CEREAL TESTING • Mean score given for Yr 1 and Yr 2 • Class width to separate varieties • Database variety profiles used establish ‘D’ • Description produced • Permanent record in variety database • Awarding of National Listing (PBR)

  24. ANALYSIS OF DUS CEREAL RECORDING Non ‘D’ varieties: • Comparison of archive dried material with non D candidate • If minor differences noted then further test by electrophoresis - SDS Page • Added to the variety database • Awarding of National Listing (PBR)

  25. DUS WINTER OILSEED RAPE (WOSR) TESTING

  26. DUS WOSR TESTING • Growing replicated plots or side-by-side comparisons in the field • Observation, measuring and recording of a series of characteristics • Use of Image Analysis • Comparison with other varieties in variety collection • Production of variety descriptions

  27. DUS WOSR TESTING Drilling: Total number of plots 2007/08= 2100 Three replicates Two randomised Third replicate: • AFP number order • VCU authentications • Seed stock authentications • Side by side comparisons

  28. DUS WOSR TESTING Plots 6m long, four rows per plot Approx. 220 plants per plot

  29. DUS WOSR TESTING DRILLING Hybrids Conventional varieties • Male & female parental lines Yr 1 & Yr 2 submissions • Maintainer line Any Yr 3 submissions • Reference varieties Reference varieties • F1 hybrids compared

  30. DUS WOSR TESTING SCORING OF CHARACTERS Plots drilled beginning September • Leaf characters (plot score)- November • Flower characters (plot score & IA) Start March • Mature plant characters (plot score, measurement, IA) June/July

  31. Diagrammatic representation of an OSR cotyledon illustrating the parameters measured by IA. WIDTH LOBE SEPARATION SADDLE LENGTH LENGTH LAMINA LENGTH POSITION OF MA XIMUM WIDTH OF LAMINA LAMINA BASE TO WIDE POINT LAMINA BASE IMAGE ANALYSIS IN DUS TESTING

  32. WOSR DUS TESTING • Two years testing data analysed statistically (COYD @ 2%) • Candidate variety is recommended as distinct or non-distinct • Uniformity must meet certain standards according to species • Characteristics recorded according to Technical Protocol (CPVO-TP/036/1) • Official description produced after NLSC approval

  33. DUS WOSR TESTINGUNIFORMITY STANDARDS • 2% off-types allowed for open pollinated lines (95% probability) • 10% off-types allowed for hybrids (95% probability)

  34. DUS WOSR TESTINGSUMMARY • DUS Essential part of plant variety protection and National Listing • Certification: Implementation of EU Directives provides robust quality assurance system Research and innovation to drive down costs to breeder/seeds industry Need to push forward new technology in a traditional environment ( genotypic characters- e.g.molecular markers)

  35. DUS: Molecular Markers Molecular Markers in DUS testing : Use of molecular markers to predict winter/spring characteristic in barley using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

  36. RESEARCH AND INNOVATION Genetic markers • variety identification/verification • quality control /traceability • food authenticity • labelling • consumer protection Genetic Diversity Cost-effective testing systems –pass on to breeders/ seeds industry

  37. SUMMARY OF TESTING DUS Yr 1 Yr 2 Breeders seed DUS passNL/PBR Certification generation system multiplication & marketing CERTIFYING AUTHORITY : M.A.F.F. FARM SAVED SEED

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