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The Black Pearl

The Black Pearl. Design Team: R yan C obb J acob C onger C hristopher C ottingham T ravis D ouville J osh J ohnson A dam L overro T ony M aloney. The Black Pearl: Design Proposal. Design Drivers Maximum Level Speed Maximum Climb Rate Low-Drag Flying Wing

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The Black Pearl

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  1. The Black Pearl Design Team: Ryan Cobb Jacob Conger Christopher Cottingham Travis Douville Josh Johnson Adam Loverro Tony Maloney

  2. The Black Pearl: Design Proposal • Design Drivers • Maximum Level Speed • Maximum Climb Rate • Low-Drag Flying Wing • With Drag-reducing winglets • Objectives • Increase Available Power • Decrease Drag • Decrease Weight

  3. The Black Pearl:The Complications • Stability • Fabrication • Landing • Payload Arrangement http://images.usatoday.com/life/gallery/pirates-caribbean/black-pearl.jpg

  4. Stability Remedies Wing Sweep Wing Twist Reflexed Camber Line Airfoils Proper Payload Arrangement Winglets Fabrication Remedies No fuselage or tail Fewer control surfaces Landing Remedies Landing Skid Due to landing gear release on Take-Off Payload Arrangement Increased Root Thickness For storage in wing The Black Pearl: Complication Remedies

  5. The Black Pearl: Comparison Aircraft

  6. The Black Pearl: Take-Off Weight • Payload: • Batteries, GPS, Receiver • Payload Weight: 2.85 lbs. • Mission Requirements: • Max Mach: 0.065 • Cruise Mach: 0.055 • Cruise Alt.: 500 ft. • Aspect Ratio: 6 • Structure Factor: 0.54 • Final Take-Off Weight: 6.26 lbs. http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/3314/b2.html

  7. The Black Pearl: Wing Loading • Mission Requirements: • High Speed • High Climb Rate • Cruise: 1.69 lbs/ft2 • Climb: 2.94 lbs/ft2 • Preliminary Take-Off Distance: 120 ft. http://www.dkonline.co.uk/animal/images/birds_diagram.gif

  8. The Black Pearl: Wing Design • Multiple Airfoil Sections • MH-45 at root • E-230 at tip • Increase in size to accommodate payload • Less Geometric Twist = Less Drag • Effective dihedral incorporated into design for stability • Winglets add effective dihedral http://www.mh-aerotools.de/airfoils/flywing1.htm http://www.nasg.com/index-e.html http://www.nasg.com/index-e.html

  9. The Black Pearl: Fuselage Design • No Actual Fuselage • Wing root thickened to accommodate payload • Landing skid centered underneath wing • Optimized airfoil fuselage shape

  10. The Black Pearl: Wing Bubble

  11. The Black Pearl: Airfoil Geometric Constraints

  12. The Black Pearl: Flaps Design • Take-Off Speed: 25 ft/s • Sf/Sw: 0.4 • Plane Flaps • High AR Calculations • Maximum CL:1.5 with flaps • 1.0 without flaps • Stall Angle = 12o • 14o without flaps http://www.aviacion.cl/images/flaps.gif http://www.dynamicscience.com.au/tester/solutions/flight/wing2.jpg

  13. The Black Pearl: Motor Selection • Max Speed: 98 ft/s • Total Drag: 0.28 lbf • Astro 15 Motor • 6,800 RPM • SHP-0.35 • Thrust at Cruise: 1.96 lbf • T/W Ratio: 0.38 • Gear Drive Combo • 12x8 Propeller • 12 Cells http://www.flyhobbies.com/astroflightcobalt15geared.htm

  14. The Black Pearl: Power Requirements

  15. The Black Pearl: Takeoff and Landing Analysis • Mission requirements: • 300 ft. max take-off • Without flaps: 211 ft. take-off length • Skid Landing: High Friction • Leads to low-predictability from spreadsheet http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/b2bomber/images/DVD-251-2.html

  16. The Black Pearl: Stability Design • Payload arrangement • Forward C.G. Positive Static Margin • Wing Sweep: 20o • Wing Twist • Washout • Reflexed Camber Line Airfoil • Low (or positive) moment coefficient

  17. The Black Pearl: Aerodynamic Wing Twist

  18. The Black Pearl: Stability DesignPart II • Winglets • Enhance directional stability • Wing alone is directionally stable • Wing Dihedral: -1o • Roll Stability

  19. The Black Pearl: Structure • Two main spars for structure support • Cutout in back of wing 4”x14” for propeller • Thin Balsa wood skin • Hatches incorporated into fuselage “bubble” for easy access to payload Smoother surface of entire wing

  20. The Black Pearl: Structure (cont’d)

  21. The Black Pearl: A New Beginning

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