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Lakes, Rivers, Streams, and Groundwater

Lakes, Rivers, Streams, and Groundwater. Principal Watershed Components. Aquifers/ groundwater. Lakes Rivers/Streams Swamps/Wetlands Soils. Hydrologic Connections. The Florida Example. Geologic Time Line. Precambian 4.5 Bya to 500 Mya Paleozoic 500 Mya to 248 Mya

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Lakes, Rivers, Streams, and Groundwater

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  1. Lakes, Rivers, Streams, and Groundwater

  2. Principal Watershed Components Aquifers/ groundwater Lakes Rivers/Streams Swamps/Wetlands Soils

  3. Hydrologic Connections

  4. The Florida Example

  5. Geologic Time Line Precambian 4.5 Bya to 500 Mya Paleozoic 500 Mya to 248 Mya Mesozoic 248 Mya to 65 Mya Cenozoic 65 Mya to present (Earth formation, cooling, oceans, atmosphere, life, oxygen)

  6. Approximately 250 million years ago

  7. Breakup of Pangaea Late Triassic, early Jurassic - 250 Mya Rifting phase

  8. Approximately 150 - 200 million years ago Late Jurassic High Sea Levels Flooded, stable platform for marine sedimentation FL platform/plateau For the next several million years the platform was dominated by carbonate deposition

  9. Carbonate Deposition Marine Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate CaCO3 MgCO3

  10. Between about 150 Mya and 25 Mya Florida platform was a flooded, submarine plateau dominated by carbonate deposition CaCO3 FL platform

  11. The Florida Platform Raised above earth’s crust Dominated by carbonates Formed over millions of years Gently sloping

  12. Cenozoic Era PaleoceneEoceneOligocene Miocene PliocenePliestocene 66-58 MYA58-37 MYA37-24 MYA 24-5.3 MYA 5.3-1.8 1.8 MY – 10KYA carbonates Before Miocene

  13. Late Oligocene-Early Miocene PaleoceneEocene Oligocene Miocene Pliocene Pliestocene 66-58 MYA58-37 MYA 37-24 MYA 24-5.3 MYA 5.3-1.8 1.8 MY – 10KYA Georgia Channel Suwannee Current

  14. Late Oligocene-Early Miocene PaleoceneEoceneOligoceneMiocenePliocene Pliestocene 66-58 MYA58-37 MYA37-24 MYA24-5.3 MYA5.3-1.8 1.8 MY – 10KYA • Events: • Lifting of the Florida Platform • Lowering of Sea Levels, diversion of the Gulf Stream, • interruption of Suwannee Current • Rejuvenation of Appalachians, increased sediment load • Filling of Georgia Channel • Rising sea levels, lack of Suwannee Current • Continental depositional influence on Fl. platform

  15. Georgia Channel Suwannee Current Late Oligocene-Early Miocene PaleoceneEoceneOligoceneMiocenePliocene Pliestocene 66-58 MYA58-37 MYA37-24 MYA24-5.3 MYA5.3-1.8 1.8 MY – 10KYA sediments

  16. Siliciclastic Deposition silici- refers to a chemical composition rich in silicate material clastic- refers to the origin of the particles as clasts, products or fragments of silicate rocks. Typical earth materials Silicon-based sands, silts, clays, rocks, rock fragments

  17. Sands 25 to 5 Mya sands, silts, clays, rock Limestone Miocene deposits are siliciclastic: sands, silts, clays, rocks

  18. Miocene sediments are marine sediments Megalodon #MG1Locality: Hawthorne Formation, South CarolinaAge:MioceneSize: 6 inches exactlyVirtually flawless museum grade specimen. Perfect serrations, black and gray mottling Price: $785.00 SOLD

  19. In Gainesville, Miocene clays tend to be fairly thick and, in many cases, close to the surface

  20. Alfred A. Ring Park 1801 NW 23rd Boulevard—parking at Elks Lodge

  21. The thickness of and depth to Miocene sediments varies 0-500 ft thick in the North-central part of state Up to 40% phosphorus Also contains uranium

  22. Sediment Thickness Alachua County Thin or absent Miocene 30 – 200 ft sandy 30 – 200 ft clayey Jurassic To Miocene > 200 ft thick Thinning Miocene Sediments The thickness of the Miocene sediments has A direct bearing on the formation of springs and sinkholes

  23. Carbonate Dissolution Acid (H+) dissolves calcium carbonate

  24. Miocene Siliciclastics Marine Carbonates

  25. Limestone Cavities Directly underlies Miocene deposits

  26. Miocene Siliciclastics

  27. Sinkholes

  28. Solution (sinkhole) lakes The most common origin of lake formation in Florida Limestone bedrock is dissolved by acids Land subsidence into dissolved limestone cavity creates depressions filled with water

  29. Sinkhole Lakes Lakes are hydrologically connected to each other And with the underlying aquifer system

  30. Springs Springs form best when the overlying clay layer is thin.

  31. Calcareous streams originate from springs colder temperatures clear water rich in calcium and phosphorus Direct hydrologic connection with the carbonate aquifer Santa Fe Ichetucknee Weeki Wachee

  32. Hydrologic Connections

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