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Streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and wetlands.

Surface Water. Streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and wetlands. Surface Water. Productivity in a lake: Oligotrophic- low amounts of nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen. Mesotrophic - a moderate level of productivity Eutrophic- high levels of productivity. Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Lakes.

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Streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and wetlands.

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  1. Surface Water • Streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and wetlands.

  2. Surface Water • Productivity in a lake: • Oligotrophic- low amounts of nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen. • Mesotrophic- a moderate level of productivity • Eutrophic- high levels of productivity

  3. Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Lakes Fig. 11-25, p. 257

  4. Altering the Availability of Water • Levees- an enlarged bank built up on each side of the river. • Dikes- similar to a levee but built to prevent ocean waters from flooding adjacent land.

  5. Altering the Availability of Water • Dams- a barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water. • Reservoir- the area where water is stored behind the dam.

  6. Tradeoffs of Large Dams and Reservoirs Large losses of water through evaporation Flooded land destroys forests or cropland and displaces people Migration and spawning of some fish are disrupted Downstream cropland and estuaries are deprived of nutrient-rich silt Provides water for year-round irrigation of cropland Reservoir is useful for recreation and fishing Can produce cheap electricity (hydropower) Downstream flooding is reduced Fig. 11-8, p. 243

  7. Altering the Availability of Water • Fish ladders- a set of stairs with water flowing over them that have been added to some dams to help migrating fish such as salmon get upstream.

  8. Altering the Availability of Water • Aqueducts- canals or ditches used to carry water from one location to another.

  9. California Water Project and Central Arizona Project CALIFORNIA NEVADA Shasta Lake UTAH Oroville Dam and Reservoir Sacramento River Lake Tahoe Feather River North Bay Aqueduct Sacramento San Francisco Hoover Dam and Reservoir (Lake Mead) South Bay Aqueduct Fresno San Joaquin Valley San Luis Dam and Reservoir Colorado River Los Angeles Aqueduct California Aqueduct ARIZONA Colorado River Aqueduct Santa Barbara Central Arizona Project Los Angeles Phoenix Salton Sea San Diego Tucson Fig. 11-10, p. 244 MEXICO

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