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Uses of Geographic Information Systems for Global Public Health. The GIS-EPI Project.

Uses of Geographic Information Systems for Global Public Health. The GIS-EPI Project. Carlos Castillo-Salgado, MD, JD, M.P.H., Dr.P.H Team Members: Enrique Loyola, MD, MSc; Manuel Vidaurre, BSc, MSc; Ramon Martinez, Eng; Patricia Najera, Geo, MPH

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Uses of Geographic Information Systems for Global Public Health. The GIS-EPI Project.

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  1. Uses of Geographic Information Systems for Global Public Health. The GIS-EPI Project. Carlos Castillo-Salgado, MD, JD, M.P.H., Dr.P.H Team Members: Enrique Loyola, MD, MSc; Manuel Vidaurre, BSc, MSc; Ramon Martinez, Eng; Patricia Najera, Geo, MPH Panel 10.1 Integration of Geospatial and Biomedical Data CODATA/CRIA Atibaia, Brazil, May 10, 2007

  2. Pan American Health Organization • The oldest international public health agency in the world agency with 100 years of experience working to improve health and living standards of the people of the Americas. • Part of the United Nations system, serving as the Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, and as the health organization of the Inter-American System • The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB) is the Secretariat of the PAHO. The Bureau is committed to providing technical support and leadership to PAHO Member States as they pursue their goal of Health for All and the values therein.

  3. Presence of PAHO in the Region CFNI Centers Headquarters CAREC Country Offices INCAP PANAFTOSA CEPIS BIREME CLAP INPPAZ

  4. Geographic Information System in Public Health (GIS-PH) • Set of interacting components that use spatial reference data and health-related information to analyze and synthesize large quantities of data and information to support, orient, and evaluate public health interventions and decision-making in a territory or defined space for a specific time period. Geography/Cartography Information Systems Technology GIS-PH Epidemiology/(Bio)Statistics

  5. GIS-Epi Milestones • 1993 – First PAHO GIS Workshop for Malaria Control. Chapala, México. 23 participants from the Americas • 1994 – GIS Applications using Epidemiological Stratification and Focalization • 1995 – Launching of Core Health Data initiative • 1995 – GIS-Epi Collaborative Groups Network: Chile, Cuba, Guatemala and México • 1995 – Organization of First International Symposium on Computer Mapping in Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Tampa FL. • 1995 – SIGEpi development over MapInfo using MapBasic • 1996 – First Draft of the book “GIS in Health: Basic Concepts” • 1996 – First Health Indicators Atlas in the PAHO Web • 1997 – Using ArcView as standard GIS

  6. GIS-Epi Milestones • 1998 – Starting of Core Health Data System development, including a Web-based GIS using ArcView IMS • 1998 – GIS in Health for Hurricane Mitch • 1999 – Starting SIGEpi development using MapObjects • 1999 – PAHO Executive Committee resolve to assign SHA the mandate for GIS in Health • 2000 – Key Speakers in the First International Health Geographics Conference • 2000 – Meetings with WHO/HealthMapper and CDC/EpiMap teams • 2000 – Development of the PAHO model for GIS in Health Training • 2000 - JHU Course 340.701.13 “Epidemiological Applications of Geographic Information Systems” • 2000 – Publication of the book “GIS in Health: Basic Concepts”

  7. GIS-Epi Milestones • 2000 - Launching of the Core Health Data System Web-based Tabulator • 2001 – Collaboration with NASA and Oxford University for INTREPID Project • 2001 – Strategic Alliance with FUNASA – Brazil • 2001 – Key Speakers in the First Annual ESRI Health and Human Services GIS Conference • 2001 – Distance Learning Project with UOC and JHU • 2002 – Launching of SIGEpi in Portuguese • 2002 – Publication of the book “GIS in Health: Basic Concepts” in Spanish and in Portuguese • 2002 – Development of the Web Map Server for Core Health Data using ArcIMS • 2002 – Preparation of the Health Section for the National Geographic Family Reference World Atlas • 2002 – Translation of SIGEpi to Spanish and English

  8. GIS-Epi Milestones • 2002 – Participation in the WHO Global Health Mapping Team • 2002 – Regional GIS for the Mesoamerican Program for alternatives to malaria control without DDT. UNEP-GEF-PAHO • 2002 – Participation in the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG) • 2002 – Atlas of Basic Health Indicators for the Region • 2003 – Ministry of Honduras: Health Services Accessibility Project • 2003 – Launching of New GIS-Epi Web Site • 2003 – Establishment of the Interamerican Network of Remote Sensing and GIS in Public Health for Infectious Diseases Control • 2003 – WHO CyberFair • 2004 – Partnership with NASA/GSFC • 2004 - HSR/Geneva . US-Mexico Public Health GIS.

  9. GIS-Epi Milestones • 2005 – Participation in the WHO Global Health Mapping Team • 2006 – 10 National Health Atlases were developed by Countries in the Americas with PAHO’s technical assistance. • 2006 – ESRI Meetings Panel Coordinations (Health, Federal Government Users Conference, ESRI’s Policy Makers Workshop) • 2006 – Preparation of the Health Section for the National Geographic Family Reference World Atlas. Second Edition • 2006 – Training workshops in 12 countries. Fifth Summer Course at Johns Hopkins University-BSPH • 2006 – Update of the Regional Mapping of Malaria in the Americas (sub national boundaries)

  10. GIS-Epi Project in the Americas Presentations in Meetings, Seminars, Symposia and Congresses PAHO GIS collaboration with different groups

  11. Geographic Information Systems in Public Health • GIS-Epi is a comprehensive Health Information Initiative at PAHO to provide an integrated framework for analyzing and displaying the distribution of critical characteristics of the core public health needs of the populations in the Americas for decision-making and technical work. • Examples of PAHO main applications are: • Spatial description of health events in the Caribbean • Public health surveillance Networking in Brazil. Malaria Control • Identification of environmental and occupational risks in Mesoamerica • Health situation analysis in Peru • Analysis of health patterns/differences at local levels in Bolivia • Identification of high risk groups and critical areas in Queretaro, Mexico • Generation of operational research hypothesis in Petén, Guatemala • Planning and programming of health services in Brazil • Evaluation of public health interventions in Cienfuegos, Cuba

  12. Develop/adopt standards, norms and codes UNGIWG – SALB Project

  13. SIG-EPI applications using remote sensing information Environmental health Environmental risks and vulnerability Healthy spaces Health needs Health Situation Analysis Public Health Surveillance Critical areas (groups) identification Health services response Health services availability and coverage Accessibility Public Health Programming and Planning Intervention impact evaluation Generic Hypothesis generation for operational research Health Atlases

  14. Municipal Infant Mortality rates in Brazil and female illiteracy Amazon river’s basin

  15. Development of Severe Retardation Spatial Clusters Mapa de coropleta, quintiles de daño. Indicador local de Autocorrelación espacial Mapa de probabilidad/Significancia de LISA. Clusters de municipios de alta y baja prevalencia de retardo

  16. MALARIA IN MESOAMERICADDT alternatives

  17. Evaluation of interventions and public health programsGUATEMALA

  18. MALARIA EN MESOAMERICAHealth Services Coverage in Peten, Guatemala River’s buffers impact areas

  19. Identification of Localities Vulnerable toEnvironmental Risks in Querétaro, Mexico.

  20. High Environmental Risk and Low Protection 242 critical communities

  21. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Honduras and slope calculation on roads infrastructure • [1] USGS/EROS DATA Center. http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/gtopo30.html

  22. Low accessibility critical areas Accessibility Index (ICA constructed with SIGEpi 1.0) • Distances (km) and slopes to nearest facility • Calculation of z scores • Linear interpolation of community's ICA Values Selection of 2 Std Deviation values of ICA to define critical areas RESULTS: In Low Accessibility Critical Areas there are807communities with 638, 856inhabitants.

  23. Basic Health Indicators Atlas

  24. Collaborate in the identification of worldwide regional patterns of the most important health indicators and population well-being. • The geographical distribution analysis of the main health determinants: • Access to drinking water • Excreta disposal • Physicians per 100,000 population • Infant mortality • AIDS • Malaria • Tuberculosis • Research of the most recent data about the indicators under study was performed, as well as the cartographic representation and analysis of the health and population well-being indicators

  25. What is SIGEpi? • It is a Geographic Information System (GIS) designed for applications in Epidemiology and Public Health, including specific analytical procedures for: • mapping of health indicators, • equity and poverty measurement, • health situation and spatial analysis, • public health surveillance, • epidemiological assessment, • and exploratory data analysis. • All the analytical functions are presented in a simplified and user-oriented way and integrated in a GIS environment.

  26. User’s manual Help system Case Studies

  27. Launching SIGEpi in Brazil PAHO and Ministry of Health authorities of Brazil launching SIGEpi. V Brazilian Congress of Epidemiology, 23 - 27 March, 2002, Curitiba, Brazil

  28. PAHO/JHU Epidemiologic Applications of Geographic Information Systems Course 2000-2007

  29. Geographic Information Systems in Health: Basic Concepts

  30. How to contact us: Forum for Public Health in the Americas Pan American Health Organization 525 23rd. St., NW Washington, DC 20037 Tel (202) 974-3327 Fax: (202) 974-3641 Email: forum@paho.org

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