Calcatorium from an archaeological site

1. C. Antonine age (first half of II century A.D) In this phase the Atrium is renovated and restricted. The renovations were performed in opus latericium Renovations are also present in the thermal areas and in the oil press, where a newCalcatorium was built. Calcatorium from an archaeological site Calcatorium, model reconstruction To this phase should be attributed many of the walls covered with fresco preserved during the excavation, now exhibited at Palazzo Massimo in Rome

2. D. Late ancient age (end of III-IV century A.D.) Even if this phase, in the current state of the excavation, appears to have left few traces, however it seems certain that the area around the tank was used again also for productive structures and furnaces. In the southern side of the tank and south of the oil press more rooms were obtained, one of which shows traces of a floor mosaic with meander motive Example of mosaic with labyrinth theme from Rimini The mosaics can be: - with little black and white tiles with simple motifs - colored tiles with spirals, braids and flowering shoots.

3. The floors of the Villa Floor in brick, fishbone braid made; this is what is called opus spicatum Other ones instead were made with marbles of different colors, cut in geometric shapes: this is what is called opus sectile Example of floor from Mercati di Traiano, Rome Catalogue of styles inopus sectile Example of floor from Ercolano

4. The floors of the villa What do we mean by “COCCIOPESTO”? Example of a floor in cocciopesto from Baia (Naples) Cocciopesto is a building material used as waterproof covering for floors, both internal and external, but also for covering walls (for example tanks). COMPOSITION: fragments of clay-bricks or crushed shingle and cement.  It’s made with different layers, that are beaten and wet many times. It’s used from the Roman age as waterproof covering of tubs or cisterns or floors. The technical term is opus signinum

5. The PARSRUSTICA • South-eastern sector • 1. In communication with the Atrium, the rectangular space without floor existing from ancient times, had a central shaft (2) identified as deposit provided with a wooden roof supported by three columns, the foundation of which remains. • We can recognize a republican phase with opus incertum 1 2

6. Here we find a large courtyard fenced and heavily affected by modern works; inside it many fragments of doliawere found. (doliarium) 3. This other space, at a higher level, shows a complex with the wine press as a quadrangular place with floor in opus spicatumconnected to another room (4) which presents at the center the torcular,provided with a draw covered with cocciopesto, wherein flowed the liquid, at first pressed in a little calcatorium ( covered with cocciopesto as well) before being collected into the tank.

7. Rectangular space 42: floored in opus spicatum, shows traces of a tub and the draw of water. At the north there is a large water tank, added during the I century. A.D. and realized in opus reticulaum. The floor covered with cocciopesto shows traces of re-using; there are the bases of three internal pillars made of bricks and covered with plaster. From a corner of the floor, a hole conveyed the water to an external fountain made out of a big dolio during the late ancien age of the complex. The opposite corner, on the contrary, is affected by an acces opened at a later date and probably for a different use from the tank. Fountain

8. Space 41: stillpreserves traces of the floor mosaic of the IV cent. A.D. with large white and black tiles with a meander motive and was created in the last phase of the life of complex Further east ,always during the late antiquity, a small space(8) whitout access was obtained, full of marble fragments belonging to architectural elements (maybe a deposit of limestone). 8 41