NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

1. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • The Northwest Ordinance1787 • was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States which created the Northwest Territory (first organized territory of the US) • Arguably the single most important piece of legislation passed by members of the earlier Continental Congresses other than the Declaration of Independence • It established the precedent by which the US would expand westward across North America by the admission of new states, rather than by the expansion of existing states. • Further, the prohibition of slavery in the territory had the effect of establishing the Ohio River as the boundary between free and slave territory in the region. This division helped set the stage for the balancing act between free and slave states • Set aside land for Public Schools

2. Northwest Territory

4. Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase SSUSH 6B

5. Thomas Jefferson • Major Event • Louisiana Purchase

6. Louisiana Purchase • Purchased from Napoleon (France) in 1803 for $15 million • Doubled the size of the US

7. Lewis & Clark Expedition • Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore Louisiana and the western lands all the way to the Pacific Ocean. • Lewis and Clark • charted the trails west, • mapped rivers and mountain ranges, • wrote descriptions and collected samples of unfamiliar animals and plants, • recorded facts and figures about the various Native American tribes and customs west of the Mississippi River.

8. Manifest Destiny • Americans believed we were destined to extend our borders from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans (Our GOD Given Right) • Use belief in Manifest Destiny to justify: • Westward Expansion • Indian Removal • Other reasons for moving west: • Land ownership (abundant land, prosperity) • Living space (many new immigrants) • New markets/harbors to open trade to Asia • Employment opportunities (some avoiding creditors after the Panic of 1837) • Spread virtues of Democracy and religion (CHRISTIANITY) Manifest Destiny Cartoon

10. “Manifest Destiny” • First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." • A myth of the West as a land of romanceand adventure emerged.

11. National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860 Why now?

12. Trails Westward

13. Territorial Growth to 1853

14. Territorial Growth to Expansionist Young America in the 1850s

15. TheWar of 1812 SSUSH 6C

16. Causes of the War?

17. 1. Impressment • 1808-1811  Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors. • Impressment – kidnapping of American sailors and placement into the British Navy

18. 2. British Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

19. Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 • General William HenryHarrison  governor ofthe Indiana Territory. • Tecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands. • Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. • This made Harrison a national hero![1840 election  Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!]

20. “Tecumseh’s Curse” • "'Harrison will win next year to be the Great Chief….... He will die in his office….. I who caused the Sun to darken and Red Men to give up firewater tell you Harrison will die. And after him, every Great Chief chosen every 20 years thereafter will die. And when each one dies, let everyone remember the death of our people."

21. 1840, William Henry HarrisonDied April 6, 1841 of pneumonia.     1860, Abraham LincolnAssassinated April 14, 1865 1880, James Abram GarfieldAssassinated July 2, 1881 1900, William McKinley Assassinated September, 6 1901 1920, Warren Gamaliel HardingDied August 2, 1923 from food poisoning 1940, Franklin Delano RooseveltDied April 12, 1945, stroke, medical records missing 1960, John Fitzgerald KennedyAssassinated November 22, 1963 1980, Ronald Wilson Reagan Assassination attempt on March 30, 1981

22. 3) “War Hawks” Our ultra aggressive Congress wanted war with Great Britain over land in Canada John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

23. American Problems • The US was unprepared militarily: • Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $. • Revenue from import tariffs declined.

24. Battle of Fort McHenry,1814 Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

25. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

26. War Ends • Treaty of Ghent (1814) –Ends war with GB in the War of 1812 Effects of War of 1812 NATIONALISM- Intense Pride in Ones Country Americans began to see Themselves as a true Country USA WINS!!!

27. Andrew Jackson Takes Florida • Adams –Onis Treaty (1819)- United States gets Florida from Spain

28. Monroe Doctrine • SSUSH 6E . Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine

29. Basic Ideas of the Monroe Doctrine • Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization • US would not interfere with existing colonies of European powers • Any attempt by European powers to intervene in the Western Hemisphere would be regarded as “dangerous to our peace and safety”

30. Significance • Promoted American nationalism (pride) • Displayed American strength in world affairs • Attempt to isolate the Western Hemisphere from Europe (isolationism)

32. Industrialization and Eli Whitney • SSUSH 7A SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it. • Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’ invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets

33. Industrial Revolution • Late 18th-early 19th century-Began in GB • Advances in technology • Before-economies relied on artisans, merchants, farmers • After-factories relied on mechanization • Replaced manual labor with industry

34. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

35. South-Cotton Kingdom • Result of the cotton gin: • Cotton became the most profitable crop • Basis of the South’s economy during the 1800’s • Cotton gin led to a boom in cotton plantations • Made the South dependent on slave labor

36. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

37. Eli Whitney • Interchangeable parts spread to other industries and became a key principle behind industrial development.

38. Erie Canal and the rise of NYC • d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure.

39. Erie Canal System

40. Erie Canal Construction • Completed in 1825 • New York • Governor De Witt Clinton Effects: • Links the Great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean • Transportation for westward settlers • Farmers could ship produce eastward at reduced cost • New York became the leading commercial center • Spurred an era of canal building

41. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

42. Erie Canal • 363 Miles long • 40 feet Wide • 4 Feet Deep

43. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat The Clermont

44. Steamboat Effects • Increased transportation • Quicker & Cheaper • Promoted trade along major rivers • Travel upstream

45. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

47. Temperance Movement, Abolitionism, and Public schools • SSUSH 7C

48. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Education Temperance Abolitionism Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

49. Penitentiary Reform Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) 1821  first penitentiary foundedin Auburn, NY R1-5/7

50. Temperance Movement 1826 - American Temperance Society“Demon Rum”! Frances Willard The Beecher Family R1-6