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Paranormal Sciences. “IN QUESTIONS OF SCIENCE THE AUTHORITY OF A THOUSAND IS NOT WORTH THE HUMBLE REASONING OF A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL.” Galileo Galilei (1632). PARANORMAL SCIENCES. Pseudo-Science Science based on false premises Science Fiction
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“IN QUESTIONS OF SCIENCE THE AUTHORITY OF A THOUSAND IS NOT WORTH THE HUMBLE REASONING OF A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL.” Galileo Galilei (1632)
PARANORMAL SCIENCES • Pseudo-Science Science based on false premises • Science Fiction Unjustified conclusions based on true facts Astrology – superstition UFOs – unidentified ESP (Extrasensory Perception) – unproved Velikovsky Worlds in Collision – crank Von Daniken Chariots of the Gods – fraud Uri Geller – fraud “The Bermuda Triangle” - hoax
Mob Nonsense Astrology E.S.P. etc. DO NOT WORK PROOF: Gambling Casinos Thrive – otherwise they would go bankrupt!
James Randi Magician $10,000 check ready for any demonstration of paranormal ability under controlled circumstances. After hundreds of challenges around the world for many years, Randi still has his check!
MIRACLES • Nuclear Energy • Computers and Electronics • Radar and Instant Communications • Jet and Rocket Travel • Antibiotics and Artificial Organs • The Green Revolution • Capability of Destroying Our Civilization in Twenty Minutes!
MIRACLES People have become accustomed to “Miracles”! Hence, people are willing to accept almost anything. People do not reject nonsense. People are “open-minded.” That’s great. … but just how open-minded?!?
Why do People “Believe”? • They do not know and do not understand the facts. (Ignorance? Exaggerations? Fraud?) • They want to believe: Superstition makes life more fascinating than reality and common sense. • Some profess “Belief” in order to make lots of money. • There are dishonest “Magicians” – Some very good ones deny that it is illusion. • Coincidences may seem impossible – our minds are geared to search for patterns and to disregard the rest.
Aquarius (Jan 21 – Feb 19) You will sparkle in company like a star today, shine with the brilliance of a supernova, bestride the scene like Comet Halley, warm everyone with the solar rays of your personality, attract attention like the Crab Nebula –
Astrologers want to have it both ways. If they predict that “a stranger’s advice will get you into trouble,” and a stranger’s advice does get you into trouble, they’re right. If you heed this warning, and avoid such trouble, you have your horoscope to thank for it!
UFOsUnidentified Flying Objects Not every “flying object” can be immediately identified, of course, but many people are certain that UFOs are spaceships of extraterrestrials. • About one such report per day! • Many different kinds of “spaceships” (cigar shaped, disks; moving, stationary; with or without lights, etc.) . . not of common origin! • UFO observations are reported by untrained observers. • Professional Astronomers, who regularly observe the sky with sophisticated equipment, have never seen an extra-terrestrial spaceship! (Aliens avoid Astronomers. Right?) .
UFOs: Natural Explanation Reports of UFOs are FRONT-PAGE Headlines. The actual explanation is just a small article on page 12. Some Identified UFOs (IFOs?): Approaching Aircraft (appear to hover) Unconventional Aircraft High Altitude Balloons Venus Artificial Satellites Reflections Off Clouds Optical Mirages Meteors Uncommon Atmospheric Phenomena (Aurora, Ball Lightning) Secret Military Objects Accidents (e.g., Free-fall Flashlight, Japanese Rocket Failure) Keep watching, but don’t be gullible!
Where are they?? • No material objects have ever been produced from UFOs. • No unquestionable photographs have ever been made (many Frisbees, yes). If UFOs are really spaceships, then: • We’re being visited by superintelligent creatures. • If they wish to hide from us, they can do so without ever being seen. • If they wish to reveal themselves, they will land in Times Square! Nevertheless: Keep your senses on the alert – they may come at any time!
ASTROLOGYAstrology is a pseudoscience at best and a fraud at worst.Astrology is superstition. To the ancients the harmony of the known Universe – the motions of the Moon and planets relative to the stars – created the idea that the “Universe” is predictable. Then why not our lives? Today we know much more about the Universe, and Astrology is now known to be worthless. Careful testing under controlled conditions shows that Astrology is unable to predict anything that common sense couldn’t.
Astrology Astrologers say that there are “unknown forces.” But since these “forces are utterly unpredictable, what value can they possibly have to how we lead our lives? Astrologers make much fuss about twins who live similar “destinies,” but what of the vast majority of twins who have completely different fates? Weren’t they born under the same stars? The danger of Astrology is that believers surrender their free will and make decisions base on their horoscopes – advice no better than a Fortune Cookie. Astrology is a risky business! … generalities, contradictions, complications, but most people don’t bother to test or follow-up on the predictions.
Astrology Astrology is a big, lucrative business. 2,000 Astronomers in the U.S. 20,000 Astrologers in the U.S. Almost every newspaper has an Astrology column! There are dozens of Astrology magazines. Compare the size of the Astrology section of most bookstores to the Science section. Astrology has no predictive value. It is deliberately vague advice that applies to anyone. “Be happy today” “Don’t be stupid today” “Go to the right place for the right information” Today, most people claim they do not take Astrology seriously, but why then do they pay for Astrological advice?
Astrology Today’s scientific knowledge tells us that there is no possible way in which Astrology can work. The Gravitational tidal forces of the stars and planets at our birth are negligible compared to that of the Obstetrician! By chance, statistically, some predictions will come true – then believers celebrate a meaningless “victory.” People feel happy and secure in believing. Astrology is like a religion – based on faith, not facts. Let us learn from the stars, but let us learn the truth!