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Unveiling Fold Mountains: Forces, Formation, and Landscapes

Discover the fascinating world of fold mountains formed when Earth's plates collide, illustrated through evidence of folding, ridge and valley landscapes, and notable mountain ranges like the Rockies and Alps.

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Unveiling Fold Mountains: Forces, Formation, and Landscapes

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  1. Fold Mountains Mountains formed when two Plates Collide.

  2. Fold Mountains • Fold mountains are mountains that are made when two of the earth’s plates collide. • When two plates collide the pressure compresses the rocks, forcing them to buckle and fold. Think of what happens to the bonnet of a car during a crash.

  3. Fold Mountains

  4. Fold Mountains

  5. Evidence of Folding • Scientists have found fossils of dead sea creatures thousands of metres up in the Andes in South America. • These creatures lived in the sea, and their remains sank to the ocean floor when they died. • Their remains were trapped in newly forming rocks which are later pushed up from under the sea when plates collide to make fold mountains.

  6. Ridge and Valley Landscape • When the two plates collide the crust buckles and folds. This creates a pattern of ridges and valleys. • The downward part (the valley) is called a syncline. • The upward part (the ridge) is called an anticline.

  7. Fold Mountains • Alpine fold Mountains – youngest, formed 30-35 million years ago. E.g. Rockies (America), Alps (France), Himalayas (Asia). • Armorican fold Mountains – formed 250 million years ago. E.g. Magillicuddy Reeks (Kerry). ‘Munster fold Mountains’. • Caledonian fold Mountains – oldest, formed 400 million years ago. E.g. Wicklow Mountains.

  8. Ireland’s Munster Mountains • When the African plate collided with the Eurasian plate 250 million years ago, there was a ripple effect. • The force of the impact reached southern Ireland and resulted in the formation of mountains such as Ireland’s tallest mountains, The Macgillycuddy Reeks and the Comeragh Mountains.

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