What’s that word mean? Monday, February 10

1. What’s that word mean?Monday, February 10 husbandry • The act or practice of cultivating crops and breeding and raising livestock; agriculture • The application of scientific principles to agriculture, especially to animal breeding • Careful management or conservation of resources; economy

2. About Pre-Columbian Native Societies • Native Americans spoke over 300 languages • Many Native societies had urban settlements, farming, architecture, and complex societies • Native Americans domesticated plants that constitute 50-60% of all crops now grown world-wide • Prior to Columbus’ arrival, there were between 10 and 100 million people who live in the Americas

3. Age of Exploration

4. MARCO POLO’S MAP

5. MARCO POLO

6. MARCO POLO’S TRIP 1271-1295 Journey to the East 15:00

7. Today’s Writing PromptMonday, February 10 51 years ago (Sept 21), President John F Kennedy said…“We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.” At this time in your life, what is the hardest thing you are pushing yourself to do?

8. Three Continents, Three Ways of Life North America Asia Europe

9. Impact from The Crusades Increased trade between Europe and countries of the East Cities of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa prospered with the expansion of trade with Asia

10. After the Crusades…the 1400s Political changes made trade with Asia more difficult for Europeans Merchants begin the search for a new trade route directly to Asia • Strong monarchs come to power in Spain, Portugal, England, and France • Seek ways to increase trade and make their countries stronger and wealthier

11. EUROPE AROUND 1500

12. Reasons for Exploration • God • Gold • Glory

13. SEVEN REASONS FOR EXPLORING THE NEW WORLD

14. 1. CURIOSITY • Explorers were curious about what other lands were outside of their communities to find

15. 2. WEALTH • After Columbus found small amounts of gold among the Caribbean Indian tribes, other explorers searched for more gold

16. Explorers wanted to be famous inthe European countries 3. FAME

17. 4. NATIONALISM and MERCANTILISM • Explorers were proud of their country for which they explored • Explorers wanted more Wealth and Power for their Mother Country

18. 5. RELIGION • Explorers were interested in spreading Christianity around the world

19. 6. FOREIGN GOODS • After finding the wealth in the foreign lands, explorers brought back goods to trade in the mother country

20. 7. CHEAPER FASTER TRANSPORTATION • Travel by water is the fastest method

21. Royalty in Europe • Seek ways to increase trade and make their countries stronger and wealthier • Advancements in technology- the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes- helps Europeans explore new lands • Maps, Astrolabe, Ship Design

22. Cartography & Printing • Prior to the 1400s, most maps were inaccurate • Cartographers improve their skills to create more accurate land and sea maps • Movable type printing makes books and pamphlets cheaper, spreading ideas faster

23. SAILING TECHNOLOGY • Triangular Sails allowed the ship to sail into the wind • Improved ship design helped sailors make longer voyages

24. SAILING TECHNOLOGY • Compass • used for navigation • Astrolabe • Measured the position of the stars to help sailors determine their location at sea

25. SAILING TECHNOLOGY • Sextant • Navigation tool used for latitude and longitude

27. Portugal leads the way • Prince Henry, the Navigator • creates a center for exploration • Brings in expert mathematicians, astronomers, and geographers to share their knowledge

28. EXPLORERS • Dias • Country: Portugal • Discovery: Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) • Impact: Possible trade route to Asia

29. EXPLORERS • Da Gama • Country: Portugal • Discovery: India • Impact: Trade route to India

30. EXPLORERS • Columbus • Country: Spain • Discovery: East Indies/ America • Impact: New World and colonies

31. EXPLORERS • Magellan • Country: Spain • Discovery: Circumnavigated the globe • Impact: World is round

32. EXPLORERS • Cortez • Country: Spain • Discovery: Conquered Aztecs • Impact: Expanded Spanish wealth/ colonies

33. EXPLORERS • Pizarro • Country: Spain • Discovery: Conquered Inca • Impact: Expanded Spanish Empire Bravery or Stupidity?

34. I love failure. I love when I fail. I love when I fall. I love when the world shuns me. I love when people think they have defeated me.  • I love failure because failure is what comes before success. I love failure because it is motivation in its rawest form. I love failure because it grants me the ability to rise, conquer, and walk away victorious. • When I fail, I know I’m on the right track. If it wasn’t for failure, the successful wouldn’t sit where they are right now. They wouldn’t have fancy cars and mink coats on their back, instead they’d be in the same position they were in before they reached success. They would be mediocre. As a result, you have to realize that failure is the vehicle that takes you from good to great, from average to legendary, from a nobody to a somebody.

35. If you don’t fail, you’ll never move forward in life, you’ll remain stagnant. Allow me to demonstrate why this is the case by sharing the failures of ten legendary figures. 1. Winston Churchill failed the sixth grade. He also lost in every public office role he ran for. 2. Thomas Edison’s teachers told him, “you are too stupid to learn anything,” 3. Harland David Sanders, famous KFC “Colonel” was rejected by 1,000 restaurants.  4. Steven Spielberg was rejected from the school of his dreams, three times. 5. Marilyn Monroe was told she wasn’t pretty or talented enough to become an actress.  6. Albert Einstein didn’t speak until age four and didn’t read until age seven. His teachers labeled him “slow” and “mentally handicapped.” 7. Walt Disney was fired by a newspaper editor because he “lacked imagination and had no good ideas.” 8. The first time Jerry Seinfeld went onstage, he was booed away by the jeering crowd. 9. After Sidney Poitier’s first audition, the casting director instructed him to just stop wasting everyone’s time and “go be a dishwasher or something.” 10. Dr. Seuss’ first book was rejected by 27 different publishers.

36. Don’t just say you want it. Do what you have to do in order to get what you want. Be willing to travel through failure, uncertainty, and discomfort. • It’s through these gates that success will come. So remain focused and continue to push on. • In order to strengthen the message, I recommend you chant the following out loud and get on with your day… Failure is no longer going to stop me. Failure is a blessing. Failure is a teacher. I will use failure as a lesson and will continue to march forward. Gone are the days when I let failure destroy me. From this day on, I will remain encouraged and will fight till my last breath. Nothing will break my spirit. The world will remember me. Success will be mine. I’ll die before I give up on my dreams. You’re going to have to kill me to get me to stop.

37. Today’s THINKINGPromptWednesday, February 12 How many of you would like to be your own boss someday? In other words, you’d like to own your very own company….and YOU’RE IN CHARGE! What needs to happen to make your dream come true?

38. The first “exchange” of cultures

39. THE BIG QUESTION How did the success of Portugal’s voyages of exploration influence Spain?

40. The Commercial Revolution • Europe became wealthy as a result of exploration • Population Increased • People demand more goods • European merchants worked to provide the goods, which led to CAPITALISM, an economic system in which money is invested in business to make profits • The Commercial Revolution was a time of competitionamong businesses

41. Joint-Stock Companies • Early form of corporation • Organizations which sold stock (shares) in a merchant’s venture • High risks, great rewards • Huge start-up costs...required lots of money Medici and Fugger families

42. Entrepreneurs • Entrepreneurs combined money, ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits. These profits were used to expand businesses. • Under English law, only the first-born male could inherit property!

43. Government and Trade • Governments begin getting very involved in trade • Portugal, Spain, England, and the Netherlands replace Italian cities as centers of trade. WHY? • The was the beginning of MERCANTILISM

44. MERCANTILISM • …an economic theory (and belief) that a nation becomes powerful by building up its supply of bullion (gold or silver) • To build up their bullion, most countries try to export more goods than they import. • Governments also helped business export goods to help increase their countries’ supply of gold and silver

45. COLONY • A colony is a settlement of people living in a new territory but controlled by their home country • Mercantilists believed that colonies should be set up overseas to produce goods the home country did not have • WHY DID ENGLAND AND SPAIN WANT TO ACQUIRE COLONIES IN AMERICA?

47. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE • Global transfer of people, goods, technology, ideas, and even diseases from one continent to another The exchange of goods changed the way of life throughout the world!

49. European Culture • Europeans use guns and ships to force local Asian rulers to let them set up trading posts and later, empires • Europeans begin enslaving Africans and bring them to the Americas to grow sugarcane on large plantations • Spanish originally used Native Americans to work their plantations

50. The Slave Trade Between 1450-1870, an estimated 10-12 million Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas