Biomedical waste management

1. Biomedical waste management By group I(KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and ALI SOHAIL)

2. Learning Objectives Define biomedical waste management Classification of biomedical waste management Disposal of biomedical wastes.

3. Biomedical waste management Definition: “Bio Medical waste” is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to or in the production or testing of biologicals and categories.

4. Healthcare wasteDefinition • Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the total waste stream from a healthcare facility (HCF) • Two basic categories • Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90% • Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%

5. Healthcare general waste • Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) • Paper Packaging • Plastic packaging • Food preparation • And other items that haven’t been contaminated

6. Healthcare risk waste • Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) • Infectious waste • Hazardous waste • Harmful to humans and environment

7. SOURCE OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE Biomedical waste is generated in: hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)

8. Components • Solids: • Catheters and tubes • Disposable masks and scrubs • Disposable tools • Medical gloves • Wound dressings

9. Contd… • Liquids: • Blood • Body fluids and tissues • Cell, organ and tissue cultures

10. Contd… • Sharps: • Blades (Razor or Scalpel) • Material made up glass such as cuvettes and slides. • Needles • Plastic pipettes and syringes

11. Contd… • Laboratory waste: • Animal carcasses • Hazardous chemicals • Medicinal plants • Radioactive material with biological components • Supernatants • Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug are not considered biomedical waste

12. classification

13. Classification Non hazardous: approximately 75-90% of the biomedical waste is non-hazardous and as harmless as any other municipal waste. (E.G, Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc)

14. Hazardous waste: Classification 10-25% is hazardous and can be injurious to humans or animals and deleterious to environment. It is important to realise that if both these types are mixed together then the whole waste becomes harmful.

15. Classification and management

16. Contd…

17. Management

20. Disposal OfWastes

21. Containers Type Container type Must be appropriate to contents & regulations Bags– NO sharps, medicines or liquids Sharps bins– sharps ONLY Other Rigid Bins– various e.g. High liquid-content Clinical Combustible Radioactive Special & Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic) Waste medicines

22. Containers – Colour Container colour Tells other staff what is in the container Tells the contractor what to do with the waste Can apply to both sacks and rigid containers Safe for Disposal to General Waste Sharps Lab plastics Cytotoxic Carcass, anatomical

23. Disposal Procedure – Carcass Carcass or anatomical material Small / medium carcasses or obvious body parts Render safe first Yellow bags or containers Freeze prior to collection or keep refrigerated

24. Disposal Procedure – Blood Blood or body fluids Render safe first Including heavily soaked materials (e.g. swabs, dressings) Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking) Freeze prior to collection

25. Disposal Procedure – Sharps Sharps Including needles, scalpel blades and small pieces of glass ALWAYS USE a Sharps bin Do NOT overfill or shake Follow H&S guidance and take care (If contaminated) autoclave when bin is full

26. Disposal Procedure – Plastics Laboratory plastics Render safe first If non-identifiable following autoclave then non-clinical disposal [Black Bag and label “Safe for Disposal”] If identifiable still then possibly “offensive” - Orange Bag and label as for Clinical Waste Introduction to Biological Waste Training Session

27. Disposal Procedure – Glass Glassware Render safe first Designated boxes – clearly labelled “Broken Glassware – Safe for Disposal” Except if contains hazardous chemicals – special disposal route via Chemistry

28. Disposal Procedure – Medicines Medicines Designated medicine bins only (usually Blue Rigid container) Do not use containers intended for other uses (e.g. sharps bins) Do not pour down the drain Some medicines are considered to be Special Waste

29. Disposal Procedure – Special I Cytotoxic Waste Special Waste, therefore Packaging and labelling requirements Holding locations – separate containment “Pre-notification” of SEPA by contractor & Special Waste Consignment Note Extra charges Notify Waste Manager

30. Disposal Procedure – Special II Infectious Waste Wherever possible, should be rendered safe / inactivated BEFORE leaving the lab If not possible then special conditions apply: Packaging and labelling Holding locations – separate containment “Pre-notification” of SEPA Extra paperwork Extra charges Notify Waste Manager immediately

31. Disposal Procedure - Reminder Key points to remember: Never fill sacks more than ¾ full Never overfill sharps bins Do NOT use anything that leaks Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins before removing from lab Always use a Barcode Label and complete your Label Record Sheet Know if it is “Special Waste” & act accordingly Place in approved Holding Location (freezer)

32. Resources • www.Wikipedia.org • www.WHO.org • www.google.com

33. THANK YOU