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Groups for Islam

Groups for Islam. TEACHINGS & WAYS OF LIFE IN ISLAM. Rels 120 Religion, Spirituality & Health March 2014. The Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale. This is your Spiritual Assessment Tool for this Unit Reflect on these questions for your Portfolio on Islamic Traditions

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Groups for Islam

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  1. Groups for Islam

  2. 120 - appleby TEACHINGS & WAYS OF LIFE IN ISLAM Rels 120 Religion, Spirituality & Health March 2014

  3. 120 - appleby The Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale This is your Spiritual Assessment Tool for this Unit • Reflect on these questions for your Portfolioon Islamic Traditions • Answer the questions posed and include a paragraph on each of your 5 items to share • Click here for scale • Journal of Family Practice. 1998 Jun; 46(6):476-86. • The Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale: Development and testing of a new instrument. • Hatch RL, Burg MA, Naberhaus DS, Hellmich LK.

  4. 120 - appleby Revelations to Muhammad • At age 40 (in 610 CE); on Mount Hira during a religious retreat • Received the first message/revelation from the Angel Gabriel: • “repent and believe God” • the final judgment is near • seek God’s forgiveness • renounce other gods • seek social justice • Revelations continued until 632 CE Written record of these revelations = the Qur’an, the sacred text of Islam 4

  5. 120 - appleby Migration from Mecca to Medina • In 622 CE; the hijrah; to escape persecution from tribal leaders in Mecca Medina = the city of the Prophet • Muhammad understood to be God’s final prophet • First Islamic community (the Ummah) established in Medina; Muslim religious calendar counts 622 CE as year 1 AH(After the Hijrah) 5

  6. 120 - appleby Prophet and Reformer • Islam not initially established as a new religion • Muhammad was a prophet and reformer proclaiming that there is only one God (monotheism – same God as the God of the Hebrews/Jews and Christians) • God is revealed in the Qur’an; also in nature, in history and in scripture/sacred texts • God is the creator and sustainer of all that is created God’s prophets all bring God’s message: “Serve your God; shun false gods” 6

  7. 120 - appleby Knowing God’s will and laws • There is a written record of God’s laws in heaven • God’s will and commands have been revealed within a historical continuum • 1st, in the Hebrew Torah • 2nd, in the Christian Gospels • 3rd, in the Qur’an • The Qur’an represents God’s final revelation to humanity; written in Arabic, the sacred language of Islam, used in prayer, religious study and worship • Muhammad is God’s final prophet 7

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  9. Sources of Teachings • The Qur’an – God’s words, dictated by the Angel Gabriel, and recorded by the Prophet Muhammad • Primary Sacred Text – written in Arabic, learned and studied in Arabic • Qur’an means “recitation” Interpretation of the sacred text is guided by scholars who provide a commentary to clarify meanings = Tafsir

  10. EXAMPLES OF TAFSIR COMMENTARIES

  11. SOURCES OF TEACHINGS The Hadith- written record of the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad • Recorded by the companions of Muhammad • Hadithmeans “record” Provides guidance for attitudes and actions of the community of believers • What is worthy of praise • What is forbidden • Which course of action should be taken

  12. ISLAMIC REFLECTIONShttps://xeniagreekmuslimah.wordpress.com/2011/05/23/a-beautiful-hadith-5/

  13. The Sunnah • The example set by the Prophet Muhammad during his lifetime • Seen as the actions and words of the “ideal human person” • Model of conduct for all Muslims • Written record of the Sunnah = the Hadith

  14. The hadith qudsi = sacred sayings • Understood to be records of God’s words to Muhammad • Not part of the Qur’an • Emphasis on God’s love and mercy

  15. 120 appleby Islamic Law The Ulama(religious scholars) developed Islamic law on the basis of 4 sources: • The Qur’an– God’s revelation to Muhammad • The Sunnah – the example set by Muhammad during his life; and the Hadith – stories reporting Muhammad’s words and actions • Reasoning according to principles derived from the Qur’an, Sunnah or Hadith – to apply to new situations = Qiyas • Tested by the community of religious scholars by consensus = Ijma

  16. What does “Islam” mean? • Submission or surrender; a Muslim is someone who has surrendered him/herself to God – Allah • The Muslim community is composed of all who are members of the family of faith and who submit themselves to Allah • Muslims have a personal and ongoing relationship with Allah • Allah, in turn, cares for Muslims in a manner that is compassionate and just • The divine nature and will hasbeen revealed throughout the history of humanity beginning with Adam and Eve and continuing encounters with Abraham, Moses, the Prophets, Jesus, and finally, Muhammad. 120 - appleby

  17. The Five Pillars of the faith • Shahadah– the statement of faith • Salat– prayer • Zakat– charity; concern for the needy • Sawm– self-purification; fasting during Ramadan • Hajj– pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able 120 - appleby

  18. 1: Faith (Shahada) In Arabic, the first part is la ilahaillaLlah- 'there is no god except God‘ • ilaha(god) can refer to deities, wealth, power; illaLlah:'except God', the source of all Creation. The second part of the Shahada is Muhammadunrasulu'Llah:'Muhammad is the messenger of God.‘ http://www.tubeislam.com/video/3890/Shannon-Says-her-Shahada-New-Muslim The Shahada is a declaration of faith 120 - appleby

  19. 2: Prayer (Salat) Salatis the name for the prayers which are performed five times a day • They are obligatory and facilitate a direct link between the worshipper and God • Prayers are led by a learned person who knows the Qur’an, and is chosen by the community • These five prayers contain verses from the Qur’an, and are said in Arabic, the language of the Revelation • Personal supplication can be offered in one's own language. Prayers are said at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and nightfall; they determine the rhythm of the entire day. 120 - appleby

  20. Muslims praying in Jerusalem A Moroccan in prayer 120 - appleby

  21. 3: Charity (Zakat) One of the most important principles of Islam is that all things belong to God • Wealth is therefore held by human beings in trust; humans are God’s regents or representatives • Zakat infers both ‘purification’ and ‘growth’ • Possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion for those in need • like pruning plants, this cutting back balances and encourages new growth Each Muslim calculates his or her own zakat • Most pay 2½% of one's capital each year • Spontaneous charitable acts of generosity and kindness may be performed at any time 120 - appleby

  22. 4: The Fast (Sawm) Every year during the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from first light until sundown • They abstain from food, drink, and sexual relations • The sick, elderly, women who are pregnant or nursing, or those on a journey are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days later in the year • Those who are physically unable to do this must feed a needy person for every day missed • Children begin to fast (and to observe the daily prayers) from puberty, although many start earlier 120 - appleby

  23. The fast is regarded principally as a method of self-purification • By setting aside worldly comforts a fasting person gains true sympathy with those who go hungry, and achieves growth in one's spiritual life. 120 - appleby

  24. 5: The Hajj(Pilgrimage) The annual pilgrimage to Mecca is an obligation for those who are physically and financially able to perform it once in their lifetime • About two million people go to Mecca each year from every corner of the globe providing a unique opportunity for those of different nations to meet one another • The annual Hajjbegins in the 12th month of the Islamic (lunar) year • Pilgrims wear special robes, simple garments which strip away distinctions of class and culture, so that all stand equal before God 120 - appleby

  25. CURRENT ISLAMIC YEAR 120 - appleby

  26. Pilgrimage – the Hajj 5 Day ritual • Each year during the 12th month of the Muslim lunar calendar. • In 2014, the dates for the Hajj will be 1 to 6 October • Wednesday 4 October will be the start of Eid-Ul-Adha, the 4-day Festival of Sacrifice; held in Mecca for those doing the Hajj; held by Muslim communities world-wide Watch this video clip on the Hajj: • Guide to the Hajj video clip (3:38) 120 - appleby

  27. The Great Mosque in Mecca 120 - appleby

  28. Inside the Great Mosque 120 - appleby

  29. View of the Kabah from above 120 - appleby

  30. The holy Kabah 120 - appleby

  31. Pilgrims walking around the Kabah 120 - appleby

  32. Praying at the Kabah, believed to be the place of worship which God commanded Abraham and Ishmael to build over four thousand years ago. 120 - appleby

  33. The mosque at Medina;Muhammad’s body rests here 120 - appleby

  34. 120 - appleby 34

  35. The Mount of Mercyhttp://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2010/12/01/ime.elbagir.hajj.diary.bk.c.cnn[1:56] 120 - appleby

  36. Day 5 1st day of Eid-Ul-Adha, the 4-day Festival of Sacrifice that commemorates Abraham’s complete faith in God. God told Abraham to sacrifice his son, Ishmael. The 2 went to Mina to perform the sacrifice. Satan met Abraham and tried to persuade him to disobey God, but Abraham carried on. When the altar was ready for the sacrifice, God told Abraham to stop, and a sheep appeared to be sacrificed instead of Ishmael. 120 - appleby

  37. Muslims across the world celebrate the Feast of Sacrifice 120 - appleby

  38. An American convert to Islam completes the Hajj • He explains why he will do it US Muslim journeys to Mecca video clip (3:30) • http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2009/11/22/sesay.us.convert.hajj.cnn?iref=videosearch 120 - appleby

  39. Islam: Empire of Faith (PBS) Part 1: Prophet Muhammad and the Rise of Islam • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX3UHNhQ1Zk • [full film also at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_OlIM8H5tI and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s59LfXGMyjY ] Produced by PBS - http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/index.html

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