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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Sectional Conflict Intensifies. Chapter 10 Outline. Section 1: Slavery and Western Expansion a. Impact of the Mexican War b. The Search for Compromise Section 2: Mounting Violence a. Uncle Tom’s Cabin b. The Fugitive Slave Act c. The Transcontinental Railroad

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies

  2. Chapter 10 Outline • Section 1: Slavery and Western Expansion a. Impact of the Mexican War b. The Search for Compromise • Section 2: Mounting Violence a. Uncle Tom’s Cabin b. The Fugitive Slave Act c. The Transcontinental Railroad d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

  3. Chapter 10 Outline • Section 3: The Crisis Deepens: a. Birth of the Republican Party b. The Election of 1856 c. Sectional Divisions Grow d. Lincoln and Douglass e. John Browns Raid • Section 4: The Union Dissolves a. The Election of 1860 b. Compromise Fails c. Civil War Begins

  4. Slavery and Western Expansion Chapter 10 Section 1

  5. Impact of the Mexican War James K. Polk • From the south and owned slaves • Thought that territory gained was useless • “Cannot fail to destroy the Democratic Party, if it does not ultimately threaten to destroy the Union itself.”

  6. Wilmot Proviso • David Wilmot- Pennsylvania Congressman • No slavery in new territories David Wilmot

  7. Calhoun Resolutions • States own territory in common and Congress has no right to ban slavery. • “Political revolution, anarchy, and Civil War” would erupt… John Calhoun

  8. Impact of the Mexican War • Popular Sovereignty: • Moderate Lewis Cass proposes popular sovereignty. • Each territory decides whether to have slavery or not. Lewis Cass

  9. Impact of the Mexican War • Free Soil Party: • Conscience Whigs- Anti Slavery • Cotton Whigs- Linked to cotton industry • Conscience Whigs leave the Whig Party and merge with the other groups • They form the Free Soil Party

  10. Impact oFthe Mexican War • The Election of 1848: • Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren • Democrats- Lewis Cass • Whigs- Zachary Taylor • Taylor Elected. Zachary Taylor

  11. The Search for Compromise • The “Forty-Niners:” • Gold was discovered in 1848 • By the end of 1849 80,000 prospectors had arrived • They are nicknamed the“49ers” • California applied for Statehood as a free state • This upset the Balance of Power

  12. The Search for Compromise • The Great Debate Begins: • Henry Clay proposes a compromise for the remaining territories. • Calhoun responds with a warning • Daniel Webster calls for national unity • A compromise-the Compromise of 1850. is reached.

  13. Mounting Violence Chapter 10 Section 2

  14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Changed the Northern perception of Slavery • Southerners Tried to have it banned • Considered one of the causes of the Civil War Harriet Beecher Stowe

  15. Fugitive Slave Act • The Acts Inflammatory Effects: • The Act fueled Northern resentment • Caused Northern resistance to grow • The main outlet of resistance was The Underground Railroad

  16. The Underground Railroad • Route to free slaves from the South • Included Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave • Conductors and slaves had songs with codes.

  17. The Transcontinental Railroad • Connected the East and West Coasts • Stephen Douglass Wanted the Railroad to run through Chicago. • He put forth legislation to organize the territory west of Missouri and Iowa • Called the Kansas-Nebraska Act

  18. The Kansas-NebraskaAct • Douglass Proposed repealing the Missouri Compromise and making Nebraska Free and Kansas a slave state. • The act passed in 1854 and caused Kansas to have a civil war called “Bleeding Kansas” • Pro-Slavery Forces arrived and terrorized the anti-slavery proponents. • By the middle of May 1856, Kansas would have two governments. • By the end of 1856 there were over 200 people dead.

  19. The Caning of Charles Sumner • Charles Sumner-MA Senator • Delivered a speech accusing SC Senator Andrew P. Butler of “choosing a mistress… the harlot, slavery.” • SC House Rep. Preston Brooks (Butler’s cousin) caned Sumner on the floor of the senate in response. • Sumner was severely injured • Southerners Cheered Brooks • Northerners were outraged

  20. The Kansas- Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act When did Kansas become a state?

  21. The Crisis Deepens Chapter 10 Section 3

  22. Birth of the Republican Party • Republicans Organize: • Anger over the Kansas- Nebraska Act Splits the Whigs • Members of the Whig, Democratic, and Free Soil parties combine a new coalition-The Republican Party Abraham Lincoln

  23. The Election of 1856 • Candidates: • John C. Fremont • James Buchanan • Millard Fillmore • Buchanan is elected because he campaigns on saving the Union. John C. Fremont James Buchanan Millard Fillmore

  24. Sectional Divisions Grow • Dred Scott • Slave who was brought into free territory to live • Sued for his freedom • He lost • The Case intensified sectional conflict • Democrats Cheered the decision • Republicans condemned it

  25. Lincoln and Douglass • Illinois Senate Race • Abraham Lincoln- “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” • Stephen A. Douglas- “The Little Giant.” • Lincoln believed slavery to be morally wrong, but not a abolitionist. • Douglas’s “Freeport Doctrine”- keep slavery out by refusing to pass the laws needed to enforce it Abraham Lincoln

  26. John Browns Raid • Fervent abolitionist who led an insurrection against slave holders at Harpers Ferry Federal Arsenal in Virginia. • He would free and arm the slaves and he thought the slaves would rise up and kill all the slave holders. • Col. Robert E. Lee took a company of US Marines into the arsenal and put down John Brown’s rebellion. • John Brown Was captured, tried and executed by hanging.

  27. The Union Dissolves Chapter 10 Section 4

  28. The Election of 1860 • Lincoln- Republican candidate-anti-slavery, higher tariffs • Douglass- Northern Democrats choice • Breckinridge-Southern Democrats Choice • Bell- Constitutional Union Party Candidate • Lincoln is elected-South Carolina secedes. Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglass John Bell John C. Breckinridge

  29. Compromise Fails • A last attempt at peace: • The Lower South (SC,AL,FL,GA,LA,TX,MS) seceded by Feb. 1, 1861. • Crittenden’s Compromise is proposed. It would guarantee slavery where it already existed and reinstate the Missouri Compromise line extending to the California Border • It fails and The Civil war begins. Bonnie Blue Secession Flag

  30. Compromise Fails • Founding the Confederacy: • First capital is Montgomery, AL. • Called the Confederate States of America. (Confederacy) • Jefferson Davis is the First President. • General Robert E. Lee will Command the Confederate Army. Flag of the Confederate States of America

  31. The Civil War Begins • Fort Sumter Falls: • Lincoln tries to re-supply • Davis attacks the fort • Civil War Begins on April 12, 1861 • Maj. Robert Anderson surrenders Fort Sumter • Upper South secedes: • June 1861- Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina secede

  32. The Civil War Begins • Hanging on to the Border States: • Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, are on the fence • Lincoln send troops into Baltimore- Maryland Safe • Kentucky votes to stay neutral, eventually joins Union • Missouri votes to stay in the Union

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