Presentation Transcript

1. EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

   SUGAR ACT (1764)-taxes foreign molasses STAMP ACT (1765)-taxes printed materials QUARTERING ACT (1765)-requires colonists to house soldiers. TOWNSHEND ACTS (1767)-taxes many imported goods. TOWNSHEND ACTS REPEALED (1770)- except for tea tax. TEA ACT (1773)-resulted in the Boston Tea Party INTOLERABLE ACTS PASSED (1774)
2. Thoughts? What do you think a Boston newspaper would report about the first shots fired at Lexington? Who’s to blame, who fired the first shots? What do you think a London (British) newspaper would report about the first shots fired at Lexington? Who’s to blame, who fired the first shots? Point of view
3. EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
4. Proclamation Line of 1763 Western boundary of the 13 Colonies was the Appalachian Mountain range. Established to avoid conflicts between the American colonists and the Indians. Limited the colonists ability to move west. Colonists were angered by this. King George III issued this Proclamation.
5. OPTICS MERCANTILISM
6. TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION The colonies were being taxed without being able to give their opinions. Consent of the governed. They resented these new policies John Locke wrote that the government was a social contract and its purpose was to protect individual freedom and property. If the government failed to do that, Locke argued its citizens had the right to overthrow it.
7. STAMP ACT OPPOSITION British are in debt and need money to repay the cost of the French and Indian War. The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act to help raise the money. Parliament ordered that every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public or legal document was to be taxed. Colonial assemblies send petitions of protest to the British Parliament. Sons of Liberty violently protest In several colonies, mobs attack the homes of tax collectors
8. NOTES ABOUT TAXES AND ACTS IMPOSED Samuel Adams thought taxation without representation was tyranny (cruel and oppressive government or rules) Civil Disobedience, what is it? Give an example of what the colonists did to show civil disobedience. Acts led to widespread smuggling, rioting and the Boston Tea party Colonists opposed these British policies Boston Massacre-presence of British soldiers created bitterness and led to protest. The soldiers fired and Crispus Attacks, an African-American was the first colonist killed These policies led to the outbreak of the American Revolution.
9. GRIEVANCES AGAINST THE KING IN THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE The King imposed taxes on the colonists without their consent. He made the military superior to the civil government. He refused to answer colonial petitions for the redress of grievances. He asked citizens to give up their rights of representation. He quartered large numbers of soldiers among the colonists. He deprived the colonists of trial by jury. He dissolved the colonists’ representative assemblies. He protected his soldiers against trial for murders of colonists. He waged war against the American colonists.
10. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Main purpose of the government is to protect the rights of individuals It stated the colonist’s reasons for separating from Great Britain Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness was used to identify unalienable rights or rights that should not be taken away (birthrights). Idea suggested by John Locke that people have the right to overthrow a government that opposes them-Social Contract Theory. John Locke had written that government was a “social contract”.
11. LEXINGTON AND CONCORD Open warfare broke out between British soldiers and colonial militia, also known as minutemen. British soldiers were sent to arrest several Patriot leaders and capture a suspected storehouse of weapons. No one is sure who fired the first shots, but it was the “Shot heard ‘round the World”. This event marked the start of the American Revolutionary War.
12. SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Colonial representatives met in Philadelphia in May 1775 Delegates included John and Samuel Adams-Massachusetts Benjamin Franklin-Pennsylvania Thomas Jefferson-Virginia Patrick Henry-considered the finest orator in America, convinced the House of Burgesses to support the war with his speech, “Give me liberty or give me death.” Wrote the Declaration of Independence-John Hancock was the firs person to sign-July 4, 1776
13. Thomas Paine Englishman living in the colonies published a pamphlet called Common Sense. He believed it was ridiculous for America to be governed by Great Britain who is across the ocean. Said the colonists derived no benefit from British rule.
14. Heroes of the American Revolution Wentworth Cheswell-fought in Saratoga. Was a church leader, historian and judge. Bernardo de Galvez – helped the Americans by shipping them supplies. Commanded Spanish troops. James Armistead-anAfrican-American slave who acted as a spy.
15. ABIGAIL ADAMS John Adams wife John and Abigail wrote many letters back and forth while he was away attending the Continental Congress. She was an intelligent woman with strong opinions. She was for voting rights for women and African Americans and supported American independence.
16. BATTLE OF SARATOGA Marked a turning point in the war The victory helped Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson persuade the French government to supply military assistance to the Americans. Haym Solomon A Jewish Merchant and banker Made loans to help finance the new government Helped finance Washington’s campaign.
17. VALLEY FORGE Winter 1777 Washington camps in Pennsylvania Continental Army struggles to stay together Steuben trains the Continental Army Lafayette joins the American army
18. THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN Located in Virginia General Cornwallis and his 8,000 British soldiers were forced to surrender in Oct. 1781. Last major battle of the war.
19. JOHN PAUL JONES During the battle, when asked to surrender, he said ”I have not yet begun to fight” Commanded the Bonhomme Richard- Navy warship Called the Father of the American Navy because he won the battle which was the first victory for an American warship
20. TREATY OF PARIS 1783 Formally ended the American Revolutionary War The British recognized the independence of the colonies. The British promised to remove all of their troops from the country. Land between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean, between Canada and Florida was now the United States (twice the land as the original 13 Colonies)