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Introduction to Enzymes

Introduction to Enzymes. Proteins  amino acids Carbohydrates  sugars (monosaccharides, polysaccharides, glucose) Lipids  fatty acids and a glycerol Nucleotides  nucleic acids. Review Macromolecules. Chains of amino acids Many proteins are enzymes

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Introduction to Enzymes

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  1. Introduction to Enzymes

  2. Proteins  amino acids Carbohydrates sugars (monosaccharides, polysaccharides, glucose) Lipids  fatty acids and a glycerol Nucleotides  nucleic acids Review Macromolecules

  3. Chains of amino acids Many proteins are enzymes Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions Proteins AA AA AA AA AA AA

  4. Catalyst - Speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms by decreasing the energy needed to start the reaction (activation energy) Enzymes as catalysts Without a catalyst Energy With a catalyst Time

  5. Definitions • Substrate- monomers that bind to the active site of an enzyme • Active site- area on enzyme where substrate binds • Product- what the enzyme produces

  6. Lock and Key Model Two substrates Enzyme Active site of the enzyme

  7. Lock and Key Model The substrates fit like a key in a lock Enzyme The active site is like a lock

  8. Lock and Key Model The activation energy for these substrates to bind together has been lowered by the enzyme. Chemical reaction!!! Enzyme

  9. Basic Enzyme Diagram The substrates have reacted and changed into the product Enzyme is unchanged Active site

  10. In Biology when a word ends in –ase it is more than likely it’s an enzyme. Guess what polymers are broken down by these enzymes and what monomers are created? Polymer Monomer • Protease ________ ___________ • Sucrase ________ ___________ • Lipase ________ ___________

  11. Enzymes are very complex structures whose shapes and functions can be affected by many factors

  12. What factors affect enzyme function? pH Temperature

  13. Graphing enzyme activity Optimum Enzyme activity Denaturation: enzyme is ruined Increasing activity 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature (C)

  14. The optimal temperature for this enzyme is __________ Optimum Enzyme activity Denaturation: enzyme is ruined Increasing activity 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature (C)

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