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Memory: The Three-storage Model

Memory: The Three-storage Model. Retrieval. Selective Attention. Sensory Memory. STM. LTM. Consolidation. Duration: <1 sec. <30 sec. Infinite? Capacity: infinite? 7 plus/minus 2 infinite? chunks.

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Memory: The Three-storage Model

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  1. Memory: The Three-storage Model Retrieval Selective Attention Sensory Memory STM LTM Consolidation Duration: <1 sec. <30 sec. Infinite? Capacity: infinite? 7 plus/minus 2 infinite? chunks

  2. Evidence for the Model 1. Anterograde amnesia (H. M.) 2. Retrograde amnesia 3. Serial position curve (We’ll discuss this later!) About the Model... Sensory memory 1. Iconic memory (Visual) 2. Echoic memory (Auditory)

  3. Echoic sensory memory “The cocktail party phenomenon” The dichotic listening task Iconic sensory memory Sperling (1960) Q W E R High V A B L Medium O J N SLow “Array” Whole vs. Partial Reports Letters recalled:4 to 510 to 12

  4. Short-term memory 1 7 7 6 1 4 9 2 1 1 1 3 2 0 0 9 1 2 2 5 2 0 1 0 Chunking (7 plus/minus 2) Long-term memory Elaborative rehearsal Retrieval cues 1. State-dependent memory 2. “The ________ is on the table. vs. “The old man hobbled across the room and picked up the valuable ________.

  5. Mnemonic Devices 1. Acronyms “My Very Elderly Mother Just Sold Uncle Nick’s Puppy.” 2. The Method of Loci Livingroom: Ivan Pavlov and dog Kitchen: John B. Watson and “Little Albert” Bedroom: B. F. Skinner and pigeon Bathroom: Wolfgang Kohler and chimpanzee

  6. Forgetting 1. Decay 2. Proactive interference (peanut butter) 3. Retroactive interference (displacement) 4. The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon

  7. The Serial Position Curve 100 % Recalled 50 1 5 10 15 Word position

  8. _________ results in an increase in the future probability of behavior because responding results in the removal of an aversive stimulus. • Punishment • Extinction • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement

  9. What type of forgetting involves learning information and then having it displaced from memory by learning something new? • decay • proactive interference • retroactive interference • the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

  10. Echoic sensory memory is _______, while iconic sensory memory is _______. • Visual; Auditory • Auditory; Visual • Tactile; Olfactory • Olfactory; Tactile

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