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The Nature of Matter

The Nature of Matter. Learning Objectives. Identify the three subatomic particles that make up atoms. Explain how all isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different. Explain how compounds differ from their component elements. Describe the two main types of chemical bonds.

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The Nature of Matter

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  1. The Nature of Matter

  2. Learning Objectives • Identify the three subatomic particles that make up atoms. • Explain how all isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different. • Explain how compounds differ from their component elements. • Describe the two main types of chemical bonds.

  3. Atoms The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  4. Elements An element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. Atomic number = 6

  5. Isotopes Because they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties. 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 8

  6. Chemical Compounds A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed.

  7. Ionic Bonds An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. -10 -18 -17 -11 0 0 +1 -1

  8. Covalent Bonds A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons. Electrons in oxygen: 8 Total electrons: 10

  9. Van der Waals Forces Van der Waals forces are intermolecular forces of attraction due to a slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.

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