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Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.*. *AP World History New Periods 8000 BCE- 600 BCE 600 BCE- 600 CE. Foundations Themes. Interaction and Exchange Urbanization Nomadic Peoples Axial Age Empires Spread of Religion. Key Concept 1.1. Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth.
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Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.* *AP World History New Periods 8000 BCE- 600 BCE 600 BCE- 600 CE
Foundations Themes • Interaction and Exchange • Urbanization • Nomadic Peoples • Axial Age • Empires • Spread of Religion
Key Concept 1.1. Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth • Migration of hunting and foraging humans • Adaptations of technology and culture (fire, new tools, animistic, small kinship groups, limited interactions)
Key Concept 1.2. The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies
Key Concept 1.3. The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral and Urban Societies
What is a Civilization? • Origins of term- • Standard criteria: • Use of term?
Population • Demography- • What factors influence population growth and decline?
Role of Climate and Geography in Early Societies • Imagine how were early societies may have been affected. • How do you think early peoples responded? • What difference would geography make in the long term development of a society?
Egypt Predictable flood Mesopotamia Irregular flooding Comparison of Egypt and Mesopotamia
Finding Early Historical Evidence • Types of Sources • David Keyes, Catastrophe • Changing interpretations and new evidence
Nomadic Peoples • Hunting-gathering lifestyle (!Kung people) • Labor/ leisure • Population growth • Gender relations
Rise of Agriculture • Spontaneous separate development – why, where and when? • Diffusion of specific plants and techniques
Birth of New Technologies • Fire • Bronze • Iron
Early Societies • Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus • Shang • Mesoamerica and Andean South America (Olmec and Chavin)
Urbanization • Comparisons between urban, pastoral and nomadic life
Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E. Key Concept 2.1. The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions Key Concept 2.2. The Development of States and Empires Key Concept 2.3. Emergence of Trans-regional Networks of Communication and Exchange
Classical Societies • Axial age- • Why then? • Results: • Religion • Politics • Social Structure • Gender relations
Empire Building • What does an empire require? • What do its subjects expect? • Symbols of legitimacy
Achievements • Greek science and philosophy • Roman law and architecture • Political organization in Han China • Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India
Urbanization and Gender • How might gender roles be affected as peoples settled?
Origins of World Belief Systems • Polytheism
Origins of World Belief Systems • Hinduism
Origins of World Belief Systems • Judaism
Origins of World Belief Systems • Confucianism
Origins of World Belief Systems • Daoism
Origins of World Belief Systems • Buddhism
Origins of World Belief Systems • Christianity
Origins of World Belief Systems • Islam
Collapse of Empires • Why do Empires fall? • Conrad-Demarest Model
Interregional Networks of People by 600 C.E. • Silk Roads • Mediterranean trade • Indian Ocean trade • Meso and Andean American trading
Conclusions • How do we know what we know? • How does change happen? • What results stem from interaction through migration, trade or pilgrimage? • Do case studies detract from the bigger story or enrich it? • Why do world historians need to pose questions differently than regional specialists?