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Blueprint Reading and Care

Learn the fundamentals of blueprint reading, including architectural, mechanical, and electrical drawings. Discover the importance of symbols, abbreviations, and construction elements. Master the universal language of blueprints for all trades and cultures.

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Blueprint Reading and Care

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  1. Blueprint Reading and Care

  2. Blueprints • Set of drawings that are used by: • Homebuilders • Architects • Engineers • Contractors • Provide universal language for all trades and cultures • Blue reading: process of interpreting the drawing

  3. Architectural Drawings • Describe the physical form • Site (plot) shows where the building is on the property • Floor plans: show walls and divisions for each floor • Elevation: outside faces of the building • Vertical cross sections: many to show perspective of the plans

  4. Mechanical Drawings • Show the mechanical systems of the builiding: • Plumbing plans • Plumbing schedules • Plumbing detail • Heating, ventilating, air conditioning

  5. Electrical Drawings • Show the wiring of the equipment and all supporting part: • Electrical site plan • Power and lighting plans • Electrical details • Electrical schedules

  6. Plot or Site Plan • The view of the structure from a birds’ eye view. • Shows location of building on site including: • Roof view • Property lines • Roads • Railroad tracks • Topography layout • Power lines • Shrubbery walkways • Driveways utilities

  7. Symbols • Symbols are used to abbreviate materials and instructions for builders. • It is impossible to have the drawing and all instructions without some sort of process. • This is used through different shading and lettering that is universal • Symbols of your field should be memorized since they may affect your area of construction.

  8. Symbols, cont. • Symbols are used to indicate: • Location • type of material • Example: • Types of material • Location of fixtures , outlets, switches

  9. Basic Construction Symbols

  10. Abbreviations • Save time and space on drawings • Unlike symbols, abbreviations can vary even within the same set of plans. • Abbreviations are clarified on a table or legend on a cover sheet of the blueprint set.

  11. Property Lines • Shows the whole piece of property under construction • Extra heavy, two dashes with one long dash

  12. Object Lines • Heavy continuous line that shows the outline of a structure or an object. • The outline of objects such as: • Rooms • Doors • Windows

  13. Hidden Lines • Medium weight evenly dashed, short lines • Used to show objects, edges or surfaces that are not in view. • Usually are pictured items that are in other parts of the drawing like elevation or sectional views.

  14. Break Lines • Used to show an object has not been drawn in its entirety. • Used to save space • Long breaks shown by as zigzag • Short breaks shown with regular lines separating the two parts of an object.

  15. Dimensions Lines • Dimension lines are thin lines used to indicate the distance between two points. • Measurements are written on or above the dimension line 3” 250 feet

  16. Center Lines • Indicate the center of symmetrical objects like doors, windows, columns

  17. Leader or Reference Lines • Used to connect a note or label to an object. • Leader lines: tie notes to an area • Extension lines: used with dimension lines • May be straight, angled, curved usually ends in arrowhead. 1 1 3’

  18. Types of Lines

  19. What Type of Line? • Look at the figure below. What type of lines are shown? • What is the function of the pictured lines? 3” 250 feet

  20. What Type of Line? 3. Look at the figure below. What type of lines are shown? 4. What is the function of the pictured lines? 1 1 Surface

  21. Proper Handling of Plans and Drawings • Never write on a plan unless you have been authorized to make changes • Keep plans clean and free of oil and dirt • Keep plans in a roll and never fold plans • Do not lay sharp objects on plans • While in use, keep plans in a safe place away from weather • When not in use, store in clean dry place

  22. Quick Check for Understanding • Why do contractors use symbols for blueprints instead of writing it all out? • Explain why contractors use a universal set of symbols for all blueprints?

  23. Important notes about blueprints • Remember your blueprint will have all the necessary information needed to build the structure. • Visualize your structure. • Learn common symbols needed and know where to reference symbols that are not common.

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